Reaproveitamento do resíduo grits proveniente da indústria de celulose kraft de eucalipto aplicado como carga de reforço na obtenção de compósito com borracha natural
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Data
2018-11-30
Autores
Bacarin, Giovani Boaventura
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Diariamente toneladas de resíduos industriais são gerados, os quais necessitam de estratégias de gerenciamento a fim de serem descartados ou reciclados corretamente. Por esse motivo, o reuso de resíduos orgânicos e industriais como cargas em compósitos poliméricos tem surgido como um novo campo de estudo. Nessa dissertação, demonstrou-se pela primeira vez o uso do resíduo Grits como carga natural em compósitos de borracha natural a fim de reutilizar os resíduos provenientes da indústria de celulose Kraft de eucalipto, assim como diminuir os custos de produção dos compósitos através da substituição, ainda que parcial, do carbonato de cálcio e do óxido de cálcio, cargas comerciais comumente utilizadas. Os tratamentos com Silano, Lauril sulfato de sódio, Dodigen 1611, além da correção de pH, variação da granulometria e quantidade de enxofre na formulação foram testados com a finalidade de melhorar a adesão interfacial do resíduo com a matriz polimérica, otimizar a formulação e consequentemente melhorar as propriedades mecânicas. Compósitos com 20 phr de Grits mostraram um aumento na tensão de ruptura de aproximadamente 20% comparado à borracha natural. Compósitos com 10 phr do resíduo apresentaram a maior resistência a abrasão, com 72,26 mm3 de perda por abrasão. Os compósitos foram aplicados na produção de chinelos atingindo as especificações recomendadas pelo Instituto de Ensaios e Pesquisa para a Fabricação de Calçados (PFI - Prüf- und Forschungsinstitut), Pirmasens, Alemanha. Ao compósito BN/20 phr Grits foi adicionado celulose de fibra curta de eucalipto para verificação da influência no tempo de degradação em solo. Amostras de celulose padrão, borracha natural, compósitos BN/20 phr Grits e BN/Grits/celulose foram expostos ao solo durante 180 dias para avaliação da biodegradação em solo, onde observou-se alteração na superfície das amostras após tempo de exposição. Os ensaios biológicos de toxicidade aguda e crônica não mostraram mortalidade significativa para a borracha natural e o resíduo Grits, assim como para os compósitos com boracha natural, Grits e celulose.
Daily tons of industrial residues are generated which require management strategies in order to correctly disposes or recycling. Therefore, the reuse of organic and industrial waste as fillers in polymeric composites has emerged as a distinct new field. Here, it was demonstrated for the first time the use of Grits as filler in natural rubber composites in order to reuse residues from eucalyptus cellulose Kraft industrie as well as decreasing the final cost from rubber products through calcium carbonate or calcium oxide replacement even partially. Treatments with Silane, Sodium Lauril sulfate, Dodigen 1611, besides pH correction, granulometry variation and sulfur content in the formulation were tested in order to improve the adhesion of the waste in the polymeric matrix, optimizing the formulation and consequently improving mechanical properties. The better treatment was prepared with pH correction and treatment with Dodigen 1611. Composites with 20 phr of Grits showed an increase on stress values around 20% compared to the natural rubber and, with 10 phr, presented the highest abrasion resistance of 72.26 mm3. The composites were applied on sandals production reaching the specifications recommended from Testing and Research Institute for the Manufacture of Footwear (PFI - Prüf- und Forschungsinstitut), Pirmasens, Germany. It was added eucalyptus cellulose fiber in order to verify the influence on soil degradation time. Standard cellulose, natural rubber, composites NR/20 phr Grits and NR/Grits/cellulose samples were exposed to the soil for 180 days to evaluate the soil biodegradation where it was observed a change in the surface of the samples after exposure time. Biological tests of acute and chronic toxicity showed no significant mortality for natural rubber and Grits waste, as well as composites with natural rubber, Grits and cellulose fiber.
Daily tons of industrial residues are generated which require management strategies in order to correctly disposes or recycling. Therefore, the reuse of organic and industrial waste as fillers in polymeric composites has emerged as a distinct new field. Here, it was demonstrated for the first time the use of Grits as filler in natural rubber composites in order to reuse residues from eucalyptus cellulose Kraft industrie as well as decreasing the final cost from rubber products through calcium carbonate or calcium oxide replacement even partially. Treatments with Silane, Sodium Lauril sulfate, Dodigen 1611, besides pH correction, granulometry variation and sulfur content in the formulation were tested in order to improve the adhesion of the waste in the polymeric matrix, optimizing the formulation and consequently improving mechanical properties. The better treatment was prepared with pH correction and treatment with Dodigen 1611. Composites with 20 phr of Grits showed an increase on stress values around 20% compared to the natural rubber and, with 10 phr, presented the highest abrasion resistance of 72.26 mm3. The composites were applied on sandals production reaching the specifications recommended from Testing and Research Institute for the Manufacture of Footwear (PFI - Prüf- und Forschungsinstitut), Pirmasens, Germany. It was added eucalyptus cellulose fiber in order to verify the influence on soil degradation time. Standard cellulose, natural rubber, composites NR/20 phr Grits and NR/Grits/cellulose samples were exposed to the soil for 180 days to evaluate the soil biodegradation where it was observed a change in the surface of the samples after exposure time. Biological tests of acute and chronic toxicity showed no significant mortality for natural rubber and Grits waste, as well as composites with natural rubber, Grits and cellulose fiber.
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Palavras-chave
Borracha natural, Celulose, Compósitos, Grits, Reuso, Resíduo, Natural rubber, Cellulose, Composites, Grits, Reuse, Waste