"Roteiros furados": uma estratégia didática investigativa para o laboratório de química
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Data
2018-12-17
Autores
Zytkuewisz, Matheus Almeida Bauer
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho de mestrado teve como temática geral a experimentação no ensino de Química, especificamente o emprego da perspectiva investigativa de ensino no nível superior. A pesquisa visou verificar como a inserção de um erro proposital em uma atividade experimental possivelmente suscitaria no amadurecimento e formação do Espírito Científico dos alunos do curso da licenciatura. A metodologia de pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa do tipo Estudo de Caso, e as fontes de informação foram compostas de sujeitos e documentos. Os sujeitos foram os alunos do curso de licenciatura cursando no ano de 2017 na disciplina de Laboratório de Ensino de Química Geral, e os documentos textuais foram um roteiro alterado, um formulário de proposição de hipóteses adido de um roteiro provisório, e um relatório final, no qual os alunos também propuseram um roteiro retificado para a realização da atividade experimental. Ainda, foi realizado um grupo focal com os participantes da atividade, e os alunos também responderam a um questionário, o qual providenciou suporte para a conseguinte entrevista individual. O tratamento e análise das informações coletadas se deu pela Análise de Conteúdo, para a qual foram utilizadas categorias a priori para o questionário e entrevista reflexiva, e categorias a posteriori para o grupo focal e documentos textuais. Como conclusão do estudo, concebe-se que a intervenção aqui proposta, a qual é dotada de um elemento inédito, por si só, em ação pontual, não foi capaz de suscitar a níveis significativos características do espírito científico nos sujeitos. Porém, a mesma se revelou como excelente pedra angular para o início da construção do espírito científico e de noções mais adequadas de ciência nos sujeitos.
The work herein presented had as general theme practical work regarding chemical education, and had its scope on the employment of inquiry-based activities at the undergraduate level. This research intended to unveil how the interposition of a purposeful error on a experimental activity could promote the formation and maturation of the scientific spirit on undergraduate students. The research methodology had used a qualitative approach, on the manners of a case study, and the information sources regarded subjects and documents. The subjects were the students undergoing the “Laboratório de Ensino de Química Geral” course, and the textual documents were a modified script, a hypothesis form coupled with a provisional script and a final report, in whose the students should add a rectified script that would allow them to perform the activity without issues. In addition, the students composed a focus group with the groups that participated in our intervention, as well as an individual questionnaire regarding aspects of nature of science. The latter provided support for the accomplishment of individual interviews with the students. The data gathering and treatment of collected data was done in the ways of the content analysis, for whose we employed a priori analytical categories for the questionnaire and individual interview, and established a posteriori categories for the focus group and textual documents. As a conclusion, we conceived that the intervention proposed on this work, which features a brand-new tool for inquiry, by itself was unable to achieve significant aspects of the scientific spirit on the subjects. However, the intervention unraveled excellent potentialities as cornerstone for the scientific spirit and more informed notions of science on the subjects.
The work herein presented had as general theme practical work regarding chemical education, and had its scope on the employment of inquiry-based activities at the undergraduate level. This research intended to unveil how the interposition of a purposeful error on a experimental activity could promote the formation and maturation of the scientific spirit on undergraduate students. The research methodology had used a qualitative approach, on the manners of a case study, and the information sources regarded subjects and documents. The subjects were the students undergoing the “Laboratório de Ensino de Química Geral” course, and the textual documents were a modified script, a hypothesis form coupled with a provisional script and a final report, in whose the students should add a rectified script that would allow them to perform the activity without issues. In addition, the students composed a focus group with the groups that participated in our intervention, as well as an individual questionnaire regarding aspects of nature of science. The latter provided support for the accomplishment of individual interviews with the students. The data gathering and treatment of collected data was done in the ways of the content analysis, for whose we employed a priori analytical categories for the questionnaire and individual interview, and established a posteriori categories for the focus group and textual documents. As a conclusion, we conceived that the intervention proposed on this work, which features a brand-new tool for inquiry, by itself was unable to achieve significant aspects of the scientific spirit on the subjects. However, the intervention unraveled excellent potentialities as cornerstone for the scientific spirit and more informed notions of science on the subjects.
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Experimentação, Investigação, Bachelard, Practical work, Inquiry, Ensino de química, Chemical education