Estratégias de fornecimento de ração para Araras Canindé (Ara ararauna, LINNAEUS, 1758) em cativeiro
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Data
2018-12-21
Autores
Peres, Narah Vieira
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os estudos abordando a nutrição e alimentação de aves silvestres em cativeiro são bastante escassos. Os psitacídeos representam um grande grupo de aves que necessitam de atenção quanto aos aspectos conservacionistas devido ao tráfico e à grande perda de seu habitat natural. Devido a esses fatores atualmente o número de araras em zoológicos e centros de conservação é grande. A alimentação correta dessas aves em cativeiro representa um desafio, isso por possuírem alta sensibilidade gustativa, o que causa certa seletividade na alimentação e desperdício de ração. Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes estratégias de fornecimento de uma ração comercial associada à banana para Arara Canindé (Ara ararauna). O experimento foi realizado no Centro de Conservação da Fauna Silvestre, no município de Ilha Solteira, Estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizadas 8 Araras Canindé (Ara ararauna) alojadas individualmente em gaiolas adaptadas para coleta de excretas (0,75 x 0,75 x 1,0 m) e sobras ou desperdício de alimento. As aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 tratamentos e medida repetida no tempo, totalizando seis repetições por tratamento (24 unidades experimentais). Os tratamentos avaliaram quatro estratégias de alimentação de araras: ração comercial; associação de 70% de ração comercial com 30% de banana; associação de 50% de ração comercial com 50% de banana e ração comercial moída aglomerada à banana (50% ração, 50% banana). As dietas que apresentaram a banana tiveram um maior consumo total de alimento, porém quando oferecidas separadamente limitaram o consumo de ração. Os coeficientes de metabolização aparente dos nutrientes das dietas foram análogos aos encontrados na literatura. Todas as estratégias de alimentação das araras foram economicamente viáveis, entretanto a mistura da ração com a banana (aglomerado) deve ser vista como uma estratégia esporádica, uma forma de enriquecimento ambiental, uma vez sua alta palatabilidade pode levar ao consumo de alimento em excesso, além do fato de ser uma alternativa de baixa praticidade.
Studies addressing the nutrition and feeding of wild birds in captivity are rather scarce. Macaws represent a large group of birds that need attention to conservation issues due to trafficking and the great loss of their natural habitat. Due to these factors currently, the number of macaws in zoos and conservation centers is great. The correct feeding of these birds in captivity poses a challenge because they have a high gustatory sensitivity, which causes certain selectivity in feed and wastage of feed. The objective of this study was to evaluate different strategies for supplying a commercial ration associated with the banana for Arara Canindé (Ara ararauna). The experiment was carried out at the Wild Fauna Conservation Center, in Ilha Solteira city, State of São Paulo. Eight Araras Canindé (Ara ararauna) were housed individually in cages adapted for collection of excrement (0.75 x 0.75 x 1.0 m) and leftovers or food waste. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments during three periods of five days of harvest, with seven days of adaptation between harvests, totaling six replicates per treatment (24 experimental units). The treatments evaluated four strategies of macaw feeding: commercial ration; association of 70% commercial ration with 30% of banana; 50% commercial ration with 50% banana and ground commercial ration agglomerated with banana (50% ration, 50% banana). The diets that had fruit had a higher total food consumption, but when offered separately, they limited the feed consumption. The apparent metabolizable coefficients of the diets were similar to those found in the literature. All diets are economically viable. However, mixing the ration with the banana (agglomerate) should be considered as a sporadic strategy, a form of environmental enrichment, since its high palatability can lead to excess food consumption, besides being an alternative of low practicality.
Studies addressing the nutrition and feeding of wild birds in captivity are rather scarce. Macaws represent a large group of birds that need attention to conservation issues due to trafficking and the great loss of their natural habitat. Due to these factors currently, the number of macaws in zoos and conservation centers is great. The correct feeding of these birds in captivity poses a challenge because they have a high gustatory sensitivity, which causes certain selectivity in feed and wastage of feed. The objective of this study was to evaluate different strategies for supplying a commercial ration associated with the banana for Arara Canindé (Ara ararauna). The experiment was carried out at the Wild Fauna Conservation Center, in Ilha Solteira city, State of São Paulo. Eight Araras Canindé (Ara ararauna) were housed individually in cages adapted for collection of excrement (0.75 x 0.75 x 1.0 m) and leftovers or food waste. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments during three periods of five days of harvest, with seven days of adaptation between harvests, totaling six replicates per treatment (24 experimental units). The treatments evaluated four strategies of macaw feeding: commercial ration; association of 70% commercial ration with 30% of banana; 50% commercial ration with 50% banana and ground commercial ration agglomerated with banana (50% ration, 50% banana). The diets that had fruit had a higher total food consumption, but when offered separately, they limited the feed consumption. The apparent metabolizable coefficients of the diets were similar to those found in the literature. All diets are economically viable. However, mixing the ration with the banana (agglomerate) should be considered as a sporadic strategy, a form of environmental enrichment, since its high palatability can lead to excess food consumption, besides being an alternative of low practicality.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Alimentação de araras, Coeficiente de metabolização, Nutrição, Macaws feed, Metabolization coefficients, Nutrition