Bordalo Pinheiro, Monteiro Lobato e a circulação (inter)nacional de caricaturas
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Data
2018-12-11
Autores
Ferrari, Danilo Wenseslau
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho explora os diálogos transnacionais entre a obra do caricaturista português Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro (1846-1905) e a produção do escritor brasileiro Monteiro Lobato (1882-1948). O estudo centra-se no caso dos personagens Zé Povinho, figura que se eternizou na memória dos portugueses, como símbolo de certa identidade nacional, e do Jeca Tatu que se fixou enquanto representante jocoso do caipira brasileiro. Tais criações surgiram numa época de intensa discussão e (re)construção das identidades nacionais. Bordalo, que viveu no Rio de Janeiro por quatro anos, foi nome de destaque na imprensa periódica brasileira e internacional. Lobato, por sua vez, foi profundo conhecedor da cultura visual do seu tempo, tendo atuado como importante crítico de arte no cenário cultural paulista. Na época, a circulação da cultura, em escala transcontinental, já se tornara uma realidade devido ao avanço nas tecnologias de impressão e transporte. Assim, a pesquisa permitiu revisitar a obra de Bordalo Pinheiro a partir da sua mais famosa criação, tendo em vista os diálogos estabelecidos com outros artistas do traço, bem como a importância que a estada em terras brasileiras teve para o seu trabalho. Além disso, foi possível reavaliar o papel das referências estrangeiras, na produção de Lobato, em busca de um projeto político, cultural e artístico para o Brasil.
This essay explores the transactional dialogues between the work of the Portuguese caricaturist Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro (1846-1905) and the production of the Brazilian writer Monteiro Lobato (1882-1948). The study focus on the case of the characters Zé Povinho, a figure that became eternal in the memory of the Portuguese people, as a symbol of certain national identity, and Jeca Tatu that was known as a lazy representative of the Brazilian “redneck”. Such creations appeared at a time of intense discussion and (re)construction of the national identities. Bordalo, who has lived in Rio de Janeiro for four years, was a name of highlight in the Brazilian and international periodical press. Lobato, in his turn, was a deep expert on the visual culture of his time, having acted as an important critic of art in the cultural scenery of São Paulo. At that time, the spread of culture, in transcontinental proportion, had become a reality due to the advancement of the technologies of printing and transportation. Therefore, the research allowed to revisit the work of Bordalo Pinheiro from his most famous creation, bearing in mind the dialogues established with other artists of the trace, as well the importance that living in Brazilian lands has had for his work. Besides that, it was possible to re-evaluate the role of foreign references in Lobato´s production, searching for a political, cultural, and artistic project for Brazil.
This essay explores the transactional dialogues between the work of the Portuguese caricaturist Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro (1846-1905) and the production of the Brazilian writer Monteiro Lobato (1882-1948). The study focus on the case of the characters Zé Povinho, a figure that became eternal in the memory of the Portuguese people, as a symbol of certain national identity, and Jeca Tatu that was known as a lazy representative of the Brazilian “redneck”. Such creations appeared at a time of intense discussion and (re)construction of the national identities. Bordalo, who has lived in Rio de Janeiro for four years, was a name of highlight in the Brazilian and international periodical press. Lobato, in his turn, was a deep expert on the visual culture of his time, having acted as an important critic of art in the cultural scenery of São Paulo. At that time, the spread of culture, in transcontinental proportion, had become a reality due to the advancement of the technologies of printing and transportation. Therefore, the research allowed to revisit the work of Bordalo Pinheiro from his most famous creation, bearing in mind the dialogues established with other artists of the trace, as well the importance that living in Brazilian lands has had for his work. Besides that, it was possible to re-evaluate the role of foreign references in Lobato´s production, searching for a political, cultural, and artistic project for Brazil.
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Palavras-chave
Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro, Monteiro Lobato, Imprensa, Caricatura, Questão nacional, Circulação internacional, Press, Caricature, National Question, International Circulation