Enxertia em melancia: desenvolvimento, produção e qualidade
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Data
2018-12-19
Autores
Schiavon Júnior, Aparecido Alecio [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A melancieira é uma hortaliça amplamente cultivada no Brasil, sendo consumida por todas as classes sociais. A enxertia vem sendo utilizada para esta cultura em muitos países e os benefícios são no controle de doenças, principalmente as de solo; na maior absorção de nutrientes, melhor eficiência no uso da água, aumento da tolerância a temperaturas extremas, aumento da tolerância à salinidade e ao encharcamento, proporcionando, assim, melhor produtividade e qualidade dos frutos. Diante do exposto, foi avaliado o desempenho de três porta-enxertos (‘Strong Tosa’, ‘Super Shintosa’ e ‘Carnivor’) para a melancia ‘Manchester’. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em 2016, na cidade de Holambra-SP, e, em 2017, nas cidades de Itápolis--SP e Holambra-SP. Em cada experimento, foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as características de desenvolvimento da planta, produção e qualidade do fruto para todos os experimentos, além de teores de nutrientes da parte aérea e do fruto, nos experimentos realizados em Holambra-SP. A partir dos dados obtidos, foram realizadas análises estatísticas individuais e conjunta dos anos, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de significância. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando o software R. Resultados mostraram que ‘Manchester’ sem enxertia, obteve maior produtividade, além de possuir menor custo da muda. A enxertia aumentou a firmeza da polpa do fruto que pode ser um benefício durante o transporte do fruto. As características de desenvolvimento da planta, produção e qualidade do fruto, de maneira geral, não foram afetadas pelo uso da enxertia. As características nutricionais, de maneira geral, também não foram afetadas com o uso da enxertia. Pode-se concluir que o uso da enxertia em melancieira não contribuiu de maneira eficaz em áreas sem manifestação de patógenos de solo.
Watermelon is a vegetable widely cultivated in Brazil, being consumed by all social classes. Grafting has been used for this crop in many countries and the benefits are soil-borne disease control, greater nutrient uptake, better efficiency in water use, increased tolerance to extreme temperatures, increased tolerance to salinity and flooding. Thus providing better yield and fruit quality. Considering the above, the performance of three rootstocks ('Strong Tosa', 'Super Shintosa' and 'Carnivor') with ‘Manchester’ F1 watermelon were evaluated. Experiments were grown in 2016 in the city of Holambra-SP and in 2017 in the cities of Itápolis-SP and Holambra-SP. Each experiment used a randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replications. Plant development, production and fruit quality traits were evaluated for all experiments, as well as nutrient content of the plant and fruit in the experiments carried out in Holambra-SP. From the data obtained, individual and conjoint statistical analyzes of the years were performed and the averages were compared by the Tukey test at the 5% level of significance. Statistical analyzes were carried out using software R. Results showed that the un-grafted ‘Manchester’ F1 obtained a higher yield plus had the lower transplant cost. Grafting increased the flesh firmness, which can be a benefit during the transport of the fruit. Plant development, fruit production and quality traits, were not generally affected by the use of grafting. Nutrient content was generally unaffected by the use of grafting. In conclusion, the use of grafting watermelon in this location with no soil disease issues did not show any significant benefit for grafting.
Watermelon is a vegetable widely cultivated in Brazil, being consumed by all social classes. Grafting has been used for this crop in many countries and the benefits are soil-borne disease control, greater nutrient uptake, better efficiency in water use, increased tolerance to extreme temperatures, increased tolerance to salinity and flooding. Thus providing better yield and fruit quality. Considering the above, the performance of three rootstocks ('Strong Tosa', 'Super Shintosa' and 'Carnivor') with ‘Manchester’ F1 watermelon were evaluated. Experiments were grown in 2016 in the city of Holambra-SP and in 2017 in the cities of Itápolis-SP and Holambra-SP. Each experiment used a randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replications. Plant development, production and fruit quality traits were evaluated for all experiments, as well as nutrient content of the plant and fruit in the experiments carried out in Holambra-SP. From the data obtained, individual and conjoint statistical analyzes of the years were performed and the averages were compared by the Tukey test at the 5% level of significance. Statistical analyzes were carried out using software R. Results showed that the un-grafted ‘Manchester’ F1 obtained a higher yield plus had the lower transplant cost. Grafting increased the flesh firmness, which can be a benefit during the transport of the fruit. Plant development, fruit production and quality traits, were not generally affected by the use of grafting. Nutrient content was generally unaffected by the use of grafting. In conclusion, the use of grafting watermelon in this location with no soil disease issues did not show any significant benefit for grafting.
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Palavras-chave
Carnivor, Citrulus lanatus, Firmeza da polpa, Manchester, Strong Tosa, Super Shintosa