Qualidade de frutos e produtividade de tomateiro enxertado
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Data
2018-12-20
Autores
Maggio, Marcos Aurélio [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O tomateiro é amplamente cultivado em todas as regiões geográficas do Brasil, destacando-se como a segunda hortaliça mais cultivada, superada apenas pela batata em importância econômica. O uso da enxertia vem sendo realizado para esta cultura em muitos países, e suas contribuições são no controle de doenças, principalmente as de solo, mas também na absorção de nutrientes, estresse hídrico, salinidade, caraterísticas de qualidade do fruto, bem como na produtividade. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de três porta-enxertos (502271, ‘Shincheonggang’ e ‘Enpower’) e dois enxertos (‘Paronnty’ e ‘Ozone’), além da autoenxertia e pé-franco, quanto aos teores nutricionais da parte aérea da planta, qualidade dos frutos e produção. A avaliação foi realizada em dois experimentos realizados na Estação Experimental da Syngenta em Holambra – SP, nos anos de 2017 e 2018, utilizando delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com 10 tratamentos e quatro repetições. A partir dos dados obtidos, foram realizadas análises estatísticas individuais e conjuntas e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Para a maioria dos nutrientes, a enxertia proporcionou maiores teores que as plantas não enxertadas. Além disso, apresentaram melhorias para as características de qualidade, além de maior massa de frutos, sendo assim mais rentáveis para algumas combinações de tratamento. O uso em duas épocas de avaliação foi útil, uma vez que a maioria das características foi influenciada na interação anos de avaliação x tratamentos. Pode-se concluir que o uso da enxertia em tomateiro proporciona maiores teores de nutrientes em folhas e, para a maioria das características avaliadas, o porta-enxerto 502271 proporciona melhor performance produtiva e de qualidade de frutos de ‘Ozone’ e ‘Paronnty
Tomatoes are widely cultivated in all geographical regions of Brazil, standing out as the second most cultivated vegetable, surpassed only by potatoes in economic importance. The use of grafting has been carried out for this crop in many countries, and its contributions are to the control of diseases, mainly soil diseases, but also to nutrient absorption, water stress, salinity, fruit quality characteristics, as well as productivity. In view of the above, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of three rootstocks (502271, 'Shincheonggang' and 'Enpower') and two grafts ('Paronnty' and 'Ozone'), as well as self-grafting and non-grafted plants as for the nutritional content in the aerial part of the plant, fruit quality and production. The evaluation was carried out in two experiments conducted at Syngenta Experimental Station in Holambra - SP, in the years 2017 and 2018, using a randomized complete block design with 10 treatments and four replications. From data obtained, individual and joint statistical analyzes were performed and the averages were compared by the Tukey’s test, at 5% probability. For most of the nutrients, grafting provided higher content than ungrafted plants. Moreover, they showed improvements to quality characteristics, in addition to greater fruit mass, thus being more profitable for some combinations of treatment. The use in two evaluation periods was useful, since most of the characteristics were influenced in the interaction years of evaluation x treatments. It can be concluded that the use of tomato grafting provides higher nutrient content in leaves, and for most of the characteristics evaluated, rootstock 502271 provides better productive performance and quality of 'Ozone' and 'Paronnty' fruits.
Tomatoes are widely cultivated in all geographical regions of Brazil, standing out as the second most cultivated vegetable, surpassed only by potatoes in economic importance. The use of grafting has been carried out for this crop in many countries, and its contributions are to the control of diseases, mainly soil diseases, but also to nutrient absorption, water stress, salinity, fruit quality characteristics, as well as productivity. In view of the above, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of three rootstocks (502271, 'Shincheonggang' and 'Enpower') and two grafts ('Paronnty' and 'Ozone'), as well as self-grafting and non-grafted plants as for the nutritional content in the aerial part of the plant, fruit quality and production. The evaluation was carried out in two experiments conducted at Syngenta Experimental Station in Holambra - SP, in the years 2017 and 2018, using a randomized complete block design with 10 treatments and four replications. From data obtained, individual and joint statistical analyzes were performed and the averages were compared by the Tukey’s test, at 5% probability. For most of the nutrients, grafting provided higher content than ungrafted plants. Moreover, they showed improvements to quality characteristics, in addition to greater fruit mass, thus being more profitable for some combinations of treatment. The use in two evaluation periods was useful, since most of the characteristics were influenced in the interaction years of evaluation x treatments. It can be concluded that the use of tomato grafting provides higher nutrient content in leaves, and for most of the characteristics evaluated, rootstock 502271 provides better productive performance and quality of 'Ozone' and 'Paronnty' fruits.
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Palavras-chave
Estado nutricional, Produção, Porta-enxerto, Solanum lycopersicum, Nutritional status, Production, Rootstock