Uso de efluente de silagem na adubação do capim Marandu
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Data
2018-12-18
Autores
Sanches, Luis Aurelio
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A produção de efluente na ensilagem de capins tropicais é elevada, devido a alta umidade destes materiais. O efluente proporciona perdas de massa seca total e lixiviação dos nutrientes, tornando-se um potencial poluente ambiental, quando o seu acúmulo ocorre de forma concentrada no solo ou mananciais. Cada vez mais há preocupação com o manejo correto de resíduos agrícolas, e seu uso na agricultura tem sido uma forma eficiente de evitar destinações indevidas e, principalmente, acúmulos em locais específicos, além de contribuir na fertilização de lavouras, uma vez que a procura por alternativas para substituição dos fertilizantes minerais é crescente. Tendo em vista a importância da conservação ambiental, tanto como os elevados custos dos fertilizantes minerais que desestimulam a adubação de pastagens por parte dos produtores, objetivou-se verificar o potencial do efluente de silagem de capim Mombaça (Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) como adubo orgânico, no estabelecimento do capim Marandu (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu). O trabalho foi realizado em vasos de 10 dm3 sob casa de vegetação na Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira – UNESP, o solo utilizado foi o NEOSSOLO QUARTIZARÊNICO Órtico. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e uma testemunha. Os tratamentos corresponderam as doses de 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mL de efluente dm-³ de solo, mais um tratamento com adubos minerais nas quantidades de 100, 60 e 50 mg dm-3 de NPK. Os tratamentos foram aplicados imediatamente após o corte de uniformização e após 28 e 35 dias de rebrotação dos ciclos subsequentes. Foram avaliados em todos os cortes o número de perfilhos, altura de planta, composição química e bromatológica do capim. A adubação com efluente apresentou efeitos na produtividade de matéria seca, altura de planta e perfilhamento e proporcionou incrementos de 111% na produtividade de matéria seca comparando a dose 10 mL dm-3 com a testemunha. Os teores de fibras sofreram interferência da aplicação de efluente, porém não diverge do que é apresentado na literatura. O teor de proteína bruta aumentou linearmente com o incremento das doses de efluentes, resultando um aumento de 25%. Mesmo obtendo resultados inferiores, comparado à adubação mineral, o efluente de silagem demonstra potencial para ser utilizado como adubo orgânico, podendo ser uma alternativa para substituição parcial do adubo mineral.
The effluent production in tropical grass ensiling is high due to the high humidity of these materials. The effluent provides losses of total dry mass and leaching of the nutrients, becoming a potential environmental pollutant when its accumulation occurs in a concentrated way in the soil or springs. Increasingly, there is a concern about the correct management of agricultural waste and its use in agriculture has been an efficient way to avoid undue allocations and accumulations in specific places, as well as to contribute to the crops fertilization, since the search for alternatives to substitute mineral fertilizers is increasing. According to the importance of environmental conservation, as well as the high costs of mineral fertilizers that discourage the fertilization of pastures by the producers, the objective was to verify the agricultural potential of the Guinea grass effluent as organic fertilizer in the establishment of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. The work was carried out in pots of 10 dm3 under greenhouse. NEOSSOLO QUARTIZARÊNICO Órtico was the soil used. The design was completely randomized with four replicates and one control. The treatments corresponded to doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mL of effluent dm-3 of soil, plus a treatment with mineral fertilizers in amounts of 100, 60 and 50 mg dm-3 of NPK. The treatments were applied immediately after the uniformity cut and after 28 and 35 days of regrowth of the subsequent cycles. The number of tillers, plant height, chemical and bromatological composition of the grass were evaluated in all the cuts. The effluent fertilization showed effects on dry matter yield, plant height and tillering and provided an increasing of 111% in dry matter yield, comparing the 10 mL dm-3 dose with the control. The fiber content was affected by the application of the effluent but does not differ from what is presented in the literature. The crude protein content increased linearly with the increase of the effluent doses, resulting in an increase of 25%. Even with inferior results compared to mineral fertilization, the silage effluent demonstrates suitability to be used as organic fertilizer and may be an alternative for partial replacement of the mineral fertilizer.
The effluent production in tropical grass ensiling is high due to the high humidity of these materials. The effluent provides losses of total dry mass and leaching of the nutrients, becoming a potential environmental pollutant when its accumulation occurs in a concentrated way in the soil or springs. Increasingly, there is a concern about the correct management of agricultural waste and its use in agriculture has been an efficient way to avoid undue allocations and accumulations in specific places, as well as to contribute to the crops fertilization, since the search for alternatives to substitute mineral fertilizers is increasing. According to the importance of environmental conservation, as well as the high costs of mineral fertilizers that discourage the fertilization of pastures by the producers, the objective was to verify the agricultural potential of the Guinea grass effluent as organic fertilizer in the establishment of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. The work was carried out in pots of 10 dm3 under greenhouse. NEOSSOLO QUARTIZARÊNICO Órtico was the soil used. The design was completely randomized with four replicates and one control. The treatments corresponded to doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mL of effluent dm-3 of soil, plus a treatment with mineral fertilizers in amounts of 100, 60 and 50 mg dm-3 of NPK. The treatments were applied immediately after the uniformity cut and after 28 and 35 days of regrowth of the subsequent cycles. The number of tillers, plant height, chemical and bromatological composition of the grass were evaluated in all the cuts. The effluent fertilization showed effects on dry matter yield, plant height and tillering and provided an increasing of 111% in dry matter yield, comparing the 10 mL dm-3 dose with the control. The fiber content was affected by the application of the effluent but does not differ from what is presented in the literature. The crude protein content increased linearly with the increase of the effluent doses, resulting in an increase of 25%. Even with inferior results compared to mineral fertilization, the silage effluent demonstrates suitability to be used as organic fertilizer and may be an alternative for partial replacement of the mineral fertilizer.
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Palavras-chave
Urochloa brizantha, Adubação orgânica, Fertirrigação, Potássio, Reciclagem de nutrientes, Uso de resíduos, Organic fertilization, Fertigation, Potassium, Nutrients recycling, Waste usage