Tratamento de efluentes de estação de tratamento de esgoto em filtros anaeróbios verticais para reúso na irrigação por gotejamento de couve-manteiga (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala)
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Data
2019-01-29
Autores
Pitoro, Valdemiro Simão João
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A crescente limitação na disponibilidade de recursos hídricos e seu impacto na atividade agrícola, tem incentivado um investimento significativo na identificação de fontes alternativas de água; e como resposta, o reuso de efluentes na irrigação agrícola tem apresentado valioso contributo na redução da pressão em demanda por água que a atividade agrícola exerce sobre os recursos hídricos. No entanto, a maior limitação do reuso de efluentes é a sua qualidade, pois é um material contaminado; portanto, o seu aproveitamento seguro na irrigação só pode ser garantido após um prévio tratamento. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o desempenho de uma estação de tratamento de águas residuárias (ETAR) em filtros anaeróbios de barris plásticos e o efeito da aplicação de efluente tratado no cultivo de couve-manteiga. Na avaliação do desempenho da ETAR foram comparadas as características do afluente (AFT) e efluente tratado (EFT), pelos parâmetros: pH, condutividade elétrica (CE), sólidos totais (ST), sólidos suspensos totais (SST), sólidos dissolvidos totais (SDT), demanda bioquímico de oxigênio (DBO), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), nitrogênio total (NT), fósforo total (PT), potássio (K), coliformes totais (CT) e coliformes fecais (CF). O cultivo de couve-manteiga foi realizado no sistema de cultivo convencional (SCC) no solo e vertical (SCV) em barris plásticos, tendo se avaliado o desenvolvimento de plantas (número de folhas adultas e comprimento do limbo foliar), produção por planta (massa fresca e seca), produtividade e eficiência de uso de água; também se avaliou o efeito da aplicação do EFT no desempenho de sistema de irrigação por gotejamento. Os resultados mostram que a ETAR apresentou um desempenho satisfatório; registrou-se uma remoção dos principais poluentes contidos no AFT na ordem 67% para ST, 100% (SST), 62,9% (DBO), 96,7% (DQO), 70,2% (NT), 46,5% (PT) e 80% (K), no final do experimento os níveis populacionais de E. Coli (CF) no efluente tratado final estavam abaixo de 1000 NMP 100 mL-1. O maior desenvolvimento das plantas e produção média de massa fresca por planta foi observado no SCC; no entanto, o SCV proporcionou em relação ao SCC, maior economia de uso de água por planta (aproximadamente em torno de 100%), maior produtividade e maior eficiência de uso da água.
The regarding the limited availability of water resources and its impact on agricultural activity, has encouraged significant investment in identifying alternative water sources; and in response, the reuse of wastewater in irrigated agriculture has brought valuable contribution in reducing the pressure on demand for water that farming has on water resources. However, the major limitation of reuse wastewater is its quality as it is a contaminated; so its safe use in irrigation can only be guaranteed after a previous treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a treatment plant wastewater (WWTP) in anaerobic filters of plastic barrels and the effect of the application of treated effluent in kale cultivation. In evaluating the WWTP performance of influent characteristics were compared (EFT-Sabesp) and treated effluent (EFT), the pH, electric conductivity (EC), total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved solids Total (SDT), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), potassium (K), total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC). The kale cultivation was carried out in the conventional cultivation system (CCS) on the ground and vertical (VCS) in plastic barrels, having assessed the development of plants (number of adult leaves and length of the leaf blade), yield ( fresh and dry weight), productivity and water use efficiency; also evaluated the effect of applying EFT in the performance of drip irrigation system. The results show that the treatment plant had a satisfactory performance; there was a removal of the main pollutants contained in the EF-Sabesp in the order 67% for St 100% (SST), 62.9% (BOD), 96.7% (COD), 70.2% (NT), 46.5% (TP) and 80% (K) at the end of the experiment CF population levels in the treated final effluent were below 1000 NMP 100 mL-1. The major development and average production per plant fresh weight was observed in the CCS; however, the VCS provided greater economy of use of water per plant (approximately around 100%) compared to CCS, increased productivity and water use efficiency.
The regarding the limited availability of water resources and its impact on agricultural activity, has encouraged significant investment in identifying alternative water sources; and in response, the reuse of wastewater in irrigated agriculture has brought valuable contribution in reducing the pressure on demand for water that farming has on water resources. However, the major limitation of reuse wastewater is its quality as it is a contaminated; so its safe use in irrigation can only be guaranteed after a previous treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a treatment plant wastewater (WWTP) in anaerobic filters of plastic barrels and the effect of the application of treated effluent in kale cultivation. In evaluating the WWTP performance of influent characteristics were compared (EFT-Sabesp) and treated effluent (EFT), the pH, electric conductivity (EC), total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved solids Total (SDT), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), potassium (K), total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC). The kale cultivation was carried out in the conventional cultivation system (CCS) on the ground and vertical (VCS) in plastic barrels, having assessed the development of plants (number of adult leaves and length of the leaf blade), yield ( fresh and dry weight), productivity and water use efficiency; also evaluated the effect of applying EFT in the performance of drip irrigation system. The results show that the treatment plant had a satisfactory performance; there was a removal of the main pollutants contained in the EF-Sabesp in the order 67% for St 100% (SST), 62.9% (BOD), 96.7% (COD), 70.2% (NT), 46.5% (TP) and 80% (K) at the end of the experiment CF population levels in the treated final effluent were below 1000 NMP 100 mL-1. The major development and average production per plant fresh weight was observed in the CCS; however, the VCS provided greater economy of use of water per plant (approximately around 100%) compared to CCS, increased productivity and water use efficiency.
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Palavras-chave
Cultivo vertical, Irrigação com efluente tratado, Obstrução de gotejadores, Reuso agrícola, Vertical farming, Irrigation with treated wastewater, Drip obstruction, Agricultural reuse