Characterization of genotype variation and agronomic biofortification of cowpea with selenium: impacts on phytic acid and nutritional quality of grains
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Data
2019-02-05
Autores
Silva, Vinicius Martins
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O selênio (Se) é um nutriente para humanos e animais e um elemento benéfico para as plantas, sua baixa concentração nos solos do Brasil pode gerar deficiência nos animais e humanos. O fitato é a principal forma de reserva de fósforo (P) encontrado nas sementes de plantas, sendo considerado um “anti-nutriente” por formar complexos não digeríveis com nutrientes como Fe, Ca e Zn. Desta forma, existe a necessidade de se buscar alternativas para aumentar os teores de Se e reduzir o teor de fitato nas partes comestíveis de cultivares modernos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar doses e fonte ótimas de Se a serem aplicadas em condições brasileiras, bem como a influência do Se na produção e qualidade nutricional em 29 genótipos de feijão-caupi. Para isso, foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos a seguir: Experimento 1: Foi avaliada a eficiência da biofortificação agronômica utilizando 2 fontes de Se (selenato e selenito) e 7 doses de Se (0; 2,5; 5,0; 10,0; 20,0; 40,0 e 60 g ha-1) aplicados via solo, foi realizada analise de fitatos nos grãos. Experimento 2: Foi realizado um experimento para caracterizar a absorção e acúmulo de Se, teor de fitatos, açucares, proteínas de reversa e amino ácidos nos grãos de diferentes genótipos de feijão-caupi, nesse experimento, 29 genótipos foram avaliados na presença e ausência de Se (0 e 25 kg ha-1), cultivados até o final do ciclo para a obtenção dos grãos. No experimento 1, observou-se que a aplicação de selenato proporciona maiores concentrações de Se nos grãos em comparação com o selenito. A aplicação de Se não teve influencia direta na concentração de fitatos nos grãos. No experimento 2 observou-se que os a aplicação de Se aumentou a concentração do elemento nas raízes, parte aérea e principalmente grãos de todos os genótipos avaliados. A aplicação de Se pode proporcionar aumento, diminuição ou não influenciar o teor de fitatos, açúcares, proteínas de reserva e aminoácidos, dependendo do genótipo.
Selenium (Se) is a nutrient for humans and animals, and a beneficial element for plants, its low concentration in Brazilian soils might cause deficiency in animals and humans. Phytate is the main form of phosphorus (P) storage found in plant seeds, being considered an "anti-nutrient" by forming nondigestible complexes with nutrients such as Fe, Ca and Zn. Thus, there is a need to find alternatives to increase Se and decrease phytate concentration in the edible parts of modern cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate optimal levels and sources of Se to be applied in Brazilian conditions, as well as the influence of the Se in the production and nutritional quality in 29 genotypes of cowpea. Two experiments were performed: Experiment 1: The efficiency of agronomic biofortification was evaluated using 2 sources of Se (selenate and selenite) and 7 levels of Se (0; 2.5; 5.0; 10.0; 20.0, 40.0 and 60 g ha-1) applied via soil, phytate analysis was analyzed. Experiment 2: An experiment was carried out to characterize the uptake and accumulation of Se, phytate, sugars, storage proteins and amino acids in the grains of different genotypes of cowpea. In this experiment, 29 genotypes were evaluated in the presence and absence of Se (0 and 25 g ha-1), grown until the end of the cycle to obtain the grains. In experiment 1, it was observed that the application of selenate provides higher concentrations of Se in the grains compared to selenite. Selenium application showed no direct influence on the phytate concentration in the grains. In experiment 2 it was observed that the application of Se increased the concentration of the element in roots, shoot and grains of all evaluated genotypes. Se application may provide increase, decrease or not influence the content of phytates, sugars, reserve proteins and amino acids, depending on the genotype.
Selenium (Se) is a nutrient for humans and animals, and a beneficial element for plants, its low concentration in Brazilian soils might cause deficiency in animals and humans. Phytate is the main form of phosphorus (P) storage found in plant seeds, being considered an "anti-nutrient" by forming nondigestible complexes with nutrients such as Fe, Ca and Zn. Thus, there is a need to find alternatives to increase Se and decrease phytate concentration in the edible parts of modern cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate optimal levels and sources of Se to be applied in Brazilian conditions, as well as the influence of the Se in the production and nutritional quality in 29 genotypes of cowpea. Two experiments were performed: Experiment 1: The efficiency of agronomic biofortification was evaluated using 2 sources of Se (selenate and selenite) and 7 levels of Se (0; 2.5; 5.0; 10.0; 20.0, 40.0 and 60 g ha-1) applied via soil, phytate analysis was analyzed. Experiment 2: An experiment was carried out to characterize the uptake and accumulation of Se, phytate, sugars, storage proteins and amino acids in the grains of different genotypes of cowpea. In this experiment, 29 genotypes were evaluated in the presence and absence of Se (0 and 25 g ha-1), grown until the end of the cycle to obtain the grains. In experiment 1, it was observed that the application of selenate provides higher concentrations of Se in the grains compared to selenite. Selenium application showed no direct influence on the phytate concentration in the grains. In experiment 2 it was observed that the application of Se increased the concentration of the element in roots, shoot and grains of all evaluated genotypes. Se application may provide increase, decrease or not influence the content of phytates, sugars, reserve proteins and amino acids, depending on the genotype.
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Palavras-chave
Biofortificação agronômica, Feijão-caupi, Variação genotípica, Selênio, Agronomic biofortification, Cowpea, Genotypic variation, Selenium