Intensidade de doenças fúngicas e bacterianas em diferentes etapas da produção de mudas de eucalipto em um viveiro clonal
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Data
2018-12-17
Autores
Vomero, Paulo Augusto de Souza Zingra [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O setor florestal brasileiro, principalmente a eucaliptocultura e os seus subprodutos, vem sofrendo com concorrências internacionais, com a inflação doméstica, secas, novas pragas, aumento das doenças no campo e principalmente no viveiro. Há anos, viveiros por todo país vêm sofrendo com doenças e perdas econômicas que elas geram quando há morte do material e seu descarte. Uma muda debilitada, que não foi corretamente manejada em sua fase de produção, ao chegar no campo resultará em um plantio fraco e isso acarretará na produção de menos madeira na época da colheita. O correto manejo de doenças no viveiro é primordial para a entrega de uma muda sadia, que no campo terá mais condições de se desenvolver em sua forma mais plena e vir a garantir o sucesso produtivo de madeira. Cada viveiro tem o seu método de monitoramento e controle de doenças, porém, na maioria deles falta um maior respaldo técnico que ajude com a melhor forma de realizar esse trabalho. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a sazonalidade das ocorrências de bacteriose, mofo cinzento e oídio em um viveiro de produção de muda clonal de eucalipto em uma empresa da região de Mogi Guaçu-SP. Para isso foram coletados dados das ocorrências de doenças, entre os anos de 2014 a 2017, e dos dados climáticos para o mesmo período. Utilizando o software estatístico SAS, foi observado correlações com significância estatística entre doenças, nível de infestação, local de produção de mudas no viveiro e material genético. O jardim clonal se destacou pelo local com maior incidência de doenças. A bacteriose, o mofo cinzento e o oídio foram as doenças mais importantes encontradas nesse trabalho. Os materiais genéticos IPB24, IPB22, IPB02 apresentaram as maiores ocorrências de doenças, com destaque para o IPB24. Após as análises das ocorrências de doenças, dos períodos de incidências e dos dados de temperatura foi possível construir a sazonalidade da bacteriose, do mofo cinzento e do oídio e assim, gerar uma ferramenta que o viveiro poderá utilizar no manejo e prevenção de doenças
The Brazilian forestry sector, mainly eucalyptus cultivation and its by-products, has been suffering with the international competition, with the domestic inflation, droughts, new pests, increased diseases in the field and especially in the nursery. For years, nurseries all over the country have been suffering with diseases and economic losses they cause when the seedling is killed and disposed of. A weak seedling, which has not been correctly handled during its production phase, will result in poor planting and less wood at harvest time. The correct handling of diseases in the nursery is essential for delivery a healthy seedling, which after planted in the field will be able to develop in its fullest form and ensure the sucess of wood production. Each nursery has its method of monitoring and controlling diseases, however, most of them don´t have greater technical support to help with the best way to do this. So, the present search had the objective of studying the seasonality of occurrences of bacteriosis, gray mold and powdery mildew in a nursery of eucalyptus clonal production at a company in the Mogi Guaçu region at São Paulo state. For this, occurrence of diseases data and the climatic data were collected between the years 2014 to 2017. Through statistical software SAS, correlations with statistical significance were observed between diseases, infestation level, local of production in the nursery and genetic material. The clonal garden was the place with greater incidence of diseases. Bacteriosis, gray mold and powdery mildew were the most important diseases found in this search. The clones IPB24, IPB22, IPB02 presented the highest occurrences of diseases, especially IPB24. After analyzing the occurrence of diseases, incidence periods and temperature data, was possible to construct the seasonality of bacteriosis, gray mold and powdery mildew and thus generate a tool that the nursery could use in disease management and prevention.
The Brazilian forestry sector, mainly eucalyptus cultivation and its by-products, has been suffering with the international competition, with the domestic inflation, droughts, new pests, increased diseases in the field and especially in the nursery. For years, nurseries all over the country have been suffering with diseases and economic losses they cause when the seedling is killed and disposed of. A weak seedling, which has not been correctly handled during its production phase, will result in poor planting and less wood at harvest time. The correct handling of diseases in the nursery is essential for delivery a healthy seedling, which after planted in the field will be able to develop in its fullest form and ensure the sucess of wood production. Each nursery has its method of monitoring and controlling diseases, however, most of them don´t have greater technical support to help with the best way to do this. So, the present search had the objective of studying the seasonality of occurrences of bacteriosis, gray mold and powdery mildew in a nursery of eucalyptus clonal production at a company in the Mogi Guaçu region at São Paulo state. For this, occurrence of diseases data and the climatic data were collected between the years 2014 to 2017. Through statistical software SAS, correlations with statistical significance were observed between diseases, infestation level, local of production in the nursery and genetic material. The clonal garden was the place with greater incidence of diseases. Bacteriosis, gray mold and powdery mildew were the most important diseases found in this search. The clones IPB24, IPB22, IPB02 presented the highest occurrences of diseases, especially IPB24. After analyzing the occurrence of diseases, incidence periods and temperature data, was possible to construct the seasonality of bacteriosis, gray mold and powdery mildew and thus generate a tool that the nursery could use in disease management and prevention.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Eucaliptocultura, Bacteriose, Mofo Cinzento, Oídio, Viveiro, Monitoramento de Doenças, Eucalyptus Culture, Bacteriosis, Gray Mold, Powdery Mildew, Nursery, Disease Monitoring