Diversidade e Variação Mensal/Sazonal das Aves da Baía de Trapandé, Cananéia, SP.
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Data
2019-01-23
Autores
Roselli, Larissa Yoshida
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As praias arenosas e os estuários são ambientes importantes para as aves por serem utilizados como locais de repouso e alimentação, porém ainda há poucas informações sobre a interação das aves com estes ecossistemas. As informações sobre abundância, distribuição e biologia das populações animais são importantes para a preservação dos ambientes estuarinos e das espécies ali presentes. Portanto, este trabalho estudou a assembleia e a dinâmica de populações das aves no Baixio do Arrozal, localizado na Baía de Trapandé, seguindo o pressuposto de que as variações de abundância, dominância e diversidade apresentariam diferenças em relação aos meses e estações do ano. Os dados utilizados foram coletados em censos quinzenais durante o período de abril de 2013 a dezembro de 2016, pelo método do ponto fixo. A partir das amostras obtidas, foram calculadas a frequência de ocorrência, constância abundância, dominância e diversidade. Para o estudo da assembleia foi feito análise de similaridade e teste de correlação com as estações e com os anos de coleta de dados, juntamente com gráfico de barras com erro padrão da abundância total em função da mensalidade e gráfico boxplot deste mesmo índice em função das estações do ano, quanto ao estudo das populações, as variações das abundâncias de cada espécie registrada foram avaliadas através de gráfico boxplot e gráfico de barras com erro padrão em função das estações e da mensalidade. Através da análise de similaridade foram identificados três grupos distintos, os quais foram estabelecidos de acordo com os valores obtidos para frequência de ocorrência e constância, o grupo I constituído pelas espécies Thalasseus acuflavidus, Nannopterum brasilianus e Rynchops niger, o grupo II pelas espécies Ardea alba, Egretta thula, Fregata magnificens, Sula leucogaster, Larus dominicanus, Platalea ajaja e Eudocimus ruber, e o grupo III pelas espécies migratórias, sendo a maioria do hemisfério norte, e também pelas residentes observadas esporadicamente. Os resultados obtidos para os índices de diversidade e dominância indicaram que houve influência das estações, sendo que no inverno foi registrado o maior valor de diversidade, enquanto que a primavera apresentou o menor valor deste índice. Em relação à abundância total, não houve influência das estações, apesar de ter apresentado marcante padrão sazonal na variação de um ano ao outro, com os maiores picos durante os meses mais quentes. A análise por espécie indicou que o Baixio do Arrozal foi utilizado durante todos os meses, com as maiores abundâncias durante a primavera e verão, e nos meses de inverno houve diminuição das populações de espécies residentes. Durante os meses de outono e primavera foi possível observar a presença de espécies migratórias das famílias Charadriidae, Laridae, Scolopacidae e Sternidae, concordando com seus deslocamentos para áreas de invernada e reprodução. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que a assembleia de aves variou de uma estação à outra devido ao ciclo de vida e aos tamanhos populacionais das espécies registradas, e que o Baixio do Arrozal é um ambiente importante para a avifauna estuarina, que o utiliza como área de descanso e forrageio durante todo o ano.
The sandy beaches and estuaries are important environments to the birds, because they use these places as resting and foraging areas, but there is not a lot of information about the interaction of birds with these ecosystems. Information about abundance, distribution and biology of animal populations are important for preservation of the estuaries and species. Thus, this work studied the assembly and the dynamic population of birds at the Baixio do Arrozal, in Trapandé Bay, supposing the variations of abundance, dominance and diversity would exhibit differences regarding the months and seasons. The data were collected in fortnightly censuses between April 2013 and December 2016, by the point count method. From the collected samples, we calculated the abundance, constance, dominance and diversity index. For the assembly study were made the similarity analysis and correlation test of dominance, abundance and diversity with seasonality and monthly, together with bar chart with standard error to total abundance in function of monthly and a boxplot chart of abundance in function of seasons. For the population study the variations of abundance were evaluated by boxplot chart and bar chart with standard error in function of months and seasons for each registered specie. The similarity analysis resulted in three different groups, which were determined according to abundance and constance, the group I constituted by Thalasseus acuflavidus, Nannopterum brasilianus e Rynchops niger, the group II constituted by Ardea alba, Egretta thula, Fregata magnificens, Sula leucogaster, Larus dominicanus, Platalea ajaja e Eudocimus ruber and the group III by the migratory species, most of them being Neartic birds and also by the occasionally observed resident species. The results obtained for the diversity and dominance indexes were influenced by the seasonality, with winter as the season with highest values of diversity, whereas spring presented the lower values for this index. Regarding the total abundance, there was no influence by seasons and months, even though it was recorded a seasonal pattern in annual variation, with the peaks during the warmer month. The population analysis showed the Baixio do Arrozal was used by the birds in every month, with the greater abundance values occurring in spring/summer, and there was a decrease of resident species populations in winter. The migratory birds of the families Charadriidae, Laridae, Scolopacidae and Sternidae were registered in fall and spring, the presence of these birds agreed with the migratory movements to the wintering and breeding areas. The results demonstrated that Bird assembly varied by the seasons due to the life cycle and the populations sizes, the Baixio do Arrozal is an important environment for the avifauna, which use the area as resting and foraging during the whole year.
The sandy beaches and estuaries are important environments to the birds, because they use these places as resting and foraging areas, but there is not a lot of information about the interaction of birds with these ecosystems. Information about abundance, distribution and biology of animal populations are important for preservation of the estuaries and species. Thus, this work studied the assembly and the dynamic population of birds at the Baixio do Arrozal, in Trapandé Bay, supposing the variations of abundance, dominance and diversity would exhibit differences regarding the months and seasons. The data were collected in fortnightly censuses between April 2013 and December 2016, by the point count method. From the collected samples, we calculated the abundance, constance, dominance and diversity index. For the assembly study were made the similarity analysis and correlation test of dominance, abundance and diversity with seasonality and monthly, together with bar chart with standard error to total abundance in function of monthly and a boxplot chart of abundance in function of seasons. For the population study the variations of abundance were evaluated by boxplot chart and bar chart with standard error in function of months and seasons for each registered specie. The similarity analysis resulted in three different groups, which were determined according to abundance and constance, the group I constituted by Thalasseus acuflavidus, Nannopterum brasilianus e Rynchops niger, the group II constituted by Ardea alba, Egretta thula, Fregata magnificens, Sula leucogaster, Larus dominicanus, Platalea ajaja e Eudocimus ruber and the group III by the migratory species, most of them being Neartic birds and also by the occasionally observed resident species. The results obtained for the diversity and dominance indexes were influenced by the seasonality, with winter as the season with highest values of diversity, whereas spring presented the lower values for this index. Regarding the total abundance, there was no influence by seasons and months, even though it was recorded a seasonal pattern in annual variation, with the peaks during the warmer month. The population analysis showed the Baixio do Arrozal was used by the birds in every month, with the greater abundance values occurring in spring/summer, and there was a decrease of resident species populations in winter. The migratory birds of the families Charadriidae, Laridae, Scolopacidae and Sternidae were registered in fall and spring, the presence of these birds agreed with the migratory movements to the wintering and breeding areas. The results demonstrated that Bird assembly varied by the seasons due to the life cycle and the populations sizes, the Baixio do Arrozal is an important environment for the avifauna, which use the area as resting and foraging during the whole year.
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estuário, avifauna, assembleia, abundância, migração, estuary, avifauna, assembly, abundance, migration