Biologia e potencial do ácaro predador Protogamasellopsis zaheri (Mesostigmata: Rhodacaridae) como agente de controle do nematoide de galha Meloidogyne incognita (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae)
Carregando...
Data
2018-02-23
Autores
Prado, Thais Juliane do
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O nematoide de galha, Meloidogyne incognita, é o mais importante fitonematoide na agricultura mundial. Esse fitonematoide está entre as pragas agrícolas de mais difícil controle, pela sua alta capacidade reprodutiva, ampla gama de plantas hospedeiras, além da existência de diferentes raças da espécie, dificultando a seleção de cultivares que aliem resistência ao ataque de nematoides e boa produtividade agrícola. O controle biológico de fitonematoides com ácaros predadores edáficos pode ser uma promissora alternativa, uma vez que nematoides fazem parte da dieta de alguns grupos de ácaros. Além disso, os ácaros são capazes de se alimentar das formas infectivas de M. incognita, antes que estas causem injúrias as raízes. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a biologia do ácaro predador Protogamasellopsis zaheri (Mesostigmata: Rhodacaridae), encontrado na literatura como possível agente de controle biológico de fitonematoides, tendo o nematoide de galha, M. incognita, como presa, além de avaliar o potencial desse ácaro predador no controle desse fitonematoide, em condições in vitro. A biologia de P. zaheri foi conduzida com juvenis recém-eclodidos (J2) de M. incognita, em câmara climatizada a 25 ± 1°C, 95 ± 5% UR e na ausência de luz. Para os testes do potencial de predação no solo foram realizados dois tratamentos, com liberação de 15 fêmeas de P. zaheri e sem liberação de predadores, para um solo com cerca de 500 J2 ativos de M. incognita, durante sete dias. Os resultados do presente trabalho demonstraram que M. incognita é um alimento favorável para P. zaheri, com o ácaro predador completando seu ciclo de vida (ovo-adulto) em 9,9 dias e se multiplicando tendo este fitonematoide como presa, com uma alta sobrevivência (+ 97% ovo-adulto). No estudo em solo, verificou-se que P. zaheri diminuiu a população de M. incognita em cerca de 68% em relação a testemunha, levando em consideração a mortalidade corrigida. O desempenho de P. zaheri neste estudo sugere que ele seja capaz de se desenvolver em solos com a presença de M. incognita, e que possa estar relacionado com o balanço populacional deste fitonematoide, agindo no seu controle populacional.
The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is the most important plant-parasitic nematode worldwide. This nematode is among the most difficult pest to control in the crops due to its high reproductive capacity, wide range of host plants, and the existence of different races of the species, making it difficult to select resistant or tolerant cultivars that combine resistance and productivity. Biological control of nematodes with soil predatory mites may be a promising alternative, because nematodes are part of the diet of some groups of mites. In addition, the edaphic predatory mites are able to feed on the infective forms of M. incognita, before that they cause injury to the roots. Therefore, the objective of this study was to know the biology of the predatory mite Protogamasellopsis zaheri (Mesostigmata: Rhodacaridae), described in the literature as a possible biological control agent of nematodes, with the root-knot nematode M. incognita as prey, and to evaluate the potential of this predatory mite in the control of this nematode, under in vitro conditions. The biology of P. zaheri was conducted with freshly hatched juveniles (J2) of M. incognita, in a room at 25 ± 1 °C, 95 ± 5% RH and in the dark. For the tests of predation potential in the soil, two treatments were carried out, with release of 15 females of P. zaheri and without release of predators, for a soil with about 500 J2 active of M. incognita, during seven days. The results of the present study demonstrated that M. incognita is a favorable food for P. zaheri, with the predatory mite completing its life cycle (egg-adult) in 9.9 days, with reproduction and a high survival (+ 97% egg-adult). In the soil study, it was verified that P. zaheri decreased the M. incognita population about 68% in relation to the control, taking into account the corrected mortality. The performance of P. zaheri in this study suggests that it is capable of developing in soils with the presence of M. incognita, and that may be related to the population balance of this nematode, acting in its population control.
The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is the most important plant-parasitic nematode worldwide. This nematode is among the most difficult pest to control in the crops due to its high reproductive capacity, wide range of host plants, and the existence of different races of the species, making it difficult to select resistant or tolerant cultivars that combine resistance and productivity. Biological control of nematodes with soil predatory mites may be a promising alternative, because nematodes are part of the diet of some groups of mites. In addition, the edaphic predatory mites are able to feed on the infective forms of M. incognita, before that they cause injury to the roots. Therefore, the objective of this study was to know the biology of the predatory mite Protogamasellopsis zaheri (Mesostigmata: Rhodacaridae), described in the literature as a possible biological control agent of nematodes, with the root-knot nematode M. incognita as prey, and to evaluate the potential of this predatory mite in the control of this nematode, under in vitro conditions. The biology of P. zaheri was conducted with freshly hatched juveniles (J2) of M. incognita, in a room at 25 ± 1 °C, 95 ± 5% RH and in the dark. For the tests of predation potential in the soil, two treatments were carried out, with release of 15 females of P. zaheri and without release of predators, for a soil with about 500 J2 active of M. incognita, during seven days. The results of the present study demonstrated that M. incognita is a favorable food for P. zaheri, with the predatory mite completing its life cycle (egg-adult) in 9.9 days, with reproduction and a high survival (+ 97% egg-adult). In the soil study, it was verified that P. zaheri decreased the M. incognita population about 68% in relation to the control, taking into account the corrected mortality. The performance of P. zaheri in this study suggests that it is capable of developing in soils with the presence of M. incognita, and that may be related to the population balance of this nematode, acting in its population control.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ácaros de solo, Controle biológico, Fitonematoides, Edaphic mites, Biological control, Plant-parasitic nematodes