Competências e habilidades para o ensino da oncologia na graduação de enfermagem no Brasil
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2019-01-18
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Objetivo: Elaborar um produto que contenha as competências e habilidades para o ensino da oncologia na graduação de enfermagem no Brasil. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa metodológica, com aplicação da técnica Delphi. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas fases. Na fase A, realizou-se revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o tema proposto, adotando como critérios de inclusão artigos completos, com resumos disponíveis e relacionados ao objeto de pesquisa, oriundos de periódicos nacionais e internacionais, indexados nas bases de dados referidas, no período de cinco anos, incluindo as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem, assim como, a Estrutura de Carreira e Educação para Enfermagem Oncológica do Royal College of Nursing e da Oncology Nursing Society e, ao final, elaborou-se um produto preliminar. Este, por sua vez, foi submetido para apreciação dos peritos através do link (http://www3.fmb.unesp.br/questionarios/index.php/488282/lang-pt-BR) realizado pelo Núcleo de Estudo a Distância - Nead.Tis da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (FMB), com questionário com oito tópicos. Tais tópicos são: Contexto da enfermagem oncológica; Ciência básica e tratamento do câncer; Avaliação e Intervenções de Enfermagem no manejo de pessoas afetadas pelo câncer; Câncer como doença crônica; compreendendo o impacto do câncer no indivíduo, famílias e profissionais da saúde; Informação e comunicação no tratamento do câncer; Liderança clínica e gestão de recursos; Pesquisa baseada em evidências e aplicada no tratamento do câncer. O questionário foi enviado via e-mail para 50 enfermeiros oncológicos, com respostas de cada item: concordo, concordo parcialmente ou não concordo e justificando as não concordo. As respostas foram individuais à pesquisadora com sugestões e o nível de concordância. Na fase B, em posse das considerações dos especialistas, foi elaborado o produto definitivo, o qual foi reencaminhado aos juízes para ciência. Resultados: Dos 50 juízes, 17 (34%) responderam o questionário completamente, 09 (18%) responderam parcialmente e 24 (48%) não responderam. Todos são enfermeiros com experiências nas áreas de ensino, assistência ou pesquisa. Obteve-se, em todos os subitens, nível de concordância acima de 80%, sendo os mais sugestionados: ajuste do comportamento profissional frente ao cenário do câncer; identificação dos papéis e responsabilidades dos enfermeiros; proporcionar ambiente de apoio aos pacientes e familiares; elaborar planos de cuidados personalizados; facilitar discussões entre a equipe multidisciplinar, pacientes e familiares; considerar a cultura do paciente frente aos cuidados paliativos demonstrando sensibilidade e acolhimento; realizar educação em saúde. Considerações finais: Identificou-se que o câncer continua sendo um problema de saúde pública, necessitando de profissionais capacitados para atuar de forma eficaz diante do paciente oncológico. Assim, o trabalho possibilitou estruturar as Competências e Habilidades que o Enfermeiro deve ter abordadas na graduação de enfermagem no Brasil.
Goal: To elaborate a product that includes the skills and abilities for teaching of Oncology in Nursing undergraduate courses in Brazil. Method: this is a methodological type of research, with the application of the Delphi method. The research has been carried out in two steps. In phase A, it has been conducted an integrative literature review about the proposed subject of study, with the use of complete articles as inclusion criteria, with available abstracts related to the subject of study, from national and international journals, indexed in the referred database, within five years, including the national curriculum guidelines for the Undergraduate Nursing Course, as well as the career structure and education for Oncological Nursing of the Royal College of Nursing and Oncology Nursing Society and, in the end, it has been elaborated a preliminary product. This, in turn, was submitted for examination by the experts through the link (http://www3.fmb.unesp.br/questionarios/index.php/488282/lang-pt-BR), carried out by the Distance Learning Center – NEaD.Tis (in Portuguese) of the Medical School of Botucatu (FMB, in Portuguese), with a questionnaire containing eight topics. These topics are: Context of Oncological Nursing; Basic science and treatment of cancer; Evaluation and Nursing Interventions when handling people affected by cancer; Cancer as a chronicle disease; encompassing the impact of cancer in the individual, families and healthcare practitioners; Information and communication when treating cancer; Clinical leadership and resource management; Research based in evidences and applied in the treatment of cancer. The questionnaire has been sent via email to 50 oncological nurses with answers for each item: I agree, I partially agree or I do not agree and justifying the “I do not agree” ones. The answers were arranged individually to the researcher with suggestions and the level of agreement. In phase B, in possession of the evaluations done by the experts, it has been elaborated a final product, which was redirected to them for acknowledgment. Results: From the 50 experts, 17 (34%) answered the entire questionnaire, 09 (18%) answered it partially and 24 (48%) did not answer. All the nurses have experience in the teaching, support or research fields. It has been achieved, in all subitems, an agreement level above 80%, being the most influenced by suggestion adjustment of professional behavior with regard to the context of cancer; identification of the roles and responsibilities of nurses; providing a supportive environment to the patients and relatives; elaborate customized care plans; facilitate debates between the multidisciplinary team, patients and relatives; take into account the patient’s knowledge in regards to the palliative cares, demonstrating sensibility and attention; promote education in healthcare. Conclusions: it has been identified that cancer is still a public health issue, thus lacking specialized professionals to act efficiently regarding the oncological patient. Consequently, this research has enabled to organize the Skills and Abilities that the nurse must have approached in the Nursing undergraduate course in Brazil.
Goal: To elaborate a product that includes the skills and abilities for teaching of Oncology in Nursing undergraduate courses in Brazil. Method: this is a methodological type of research, with the application of the Delphi method. The research has been carried out in two steps. In phase A, it has been conducted an integrative literature review about the proposed subject of study, with the use of complete articles as inclusion criteria, with available abstracts related to the subject of study, from national and international journals, indexed in the referred database, within five years, including the national curriculum guidelines for the Undergraduate Nursing Course, as well as the career structure and education for Oncological Nursing of the Royal College of Nursing and Oncology Nursing Society and, in the end, it has been elaborated a preliminary product. This, in turn, was submitted for examination by the experts through the link (http://www3.fmb.unesp.br/questionarios/index.php/488282/lang-pt-BR), carried out by the Distance Learning Center – NEaD.Tis (in Portuguese) of the Medical School of Botucatu (FMB, in Portuguese), with a questionnaire containing eight topics. These topics are: Context of Oncological Nursing; Basic science and treatment of cancer; Evaluation and Nursing Interventions when handling people affected by cancer; Cancer as a chronicle disease; encompassing the impact of cancer in the individual, families and healthcare practitioners; Information and communication when treating cancer; Clinical leadership and resource management; Research based in evidences and applied in the treatment of cancer. The questionnaire has been sent via email to 50 oncological nurses with answers for each item: I agree, I partially agree or I do not agree and justifying the “I do not agree” ones. The answers were arranged individually to the researcher with suggestions and the level of agreement. In phase B, in possession of the evaluations done by the experts, it has been elaborated a final product, which was redirected to them for acknowledgment. Results: From the 50 experts, 17 (34%) answered the entire questionnaire, 09 (18%) answered it partially and 24 (48%) did not answer. All the nurses have experience in the teaching, support or research fields. It has been achieved, in all subitems, an agreement level above 80%, being the most influenced by suggestion adjustment of professional behavior with regard to the context of cancer; identification of the roles and responsibilities of nurses; providing a supportive environment to the patients and relatives; elaborate customized care plans; facilitate debates between the multidisciplinary team, patients and relatives; take into account the patient’s knowledge in regards to the palliative cares, demonstrating sensibility and attention; promote education in healthcare. Conclusions: it has been identified that cancer is still a public health issue, thus lacking specialized professionals to act efficiently regarding the oncological patient. Consequently, this research has enabled to organize the Skills and Abilities that the nurse must have approached in the Nursing undergraduate course in Brazil.
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Currículo, Graduação, Enfermagem, Oncologia, Curriculum, Undergraduation, Nursing