Uma investigação diacrônica da construção modal "tener que" no espanhol peninsular sob perspectiva da gramaticalização
Carregando...
Data
2019-02-22
Autores
Nogueira, Ana Luiza Ferancini
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Concebendo-se a gramaticalização como resultado da atuação de mecanismos de natureza cognitiva responsáveis pela conceptualização de domínios mais abstratos em termos de domínios mais concretos, o presente trabalho investiga, com base em autores que postulam a tendência de desenvolvimento dos significados epistêmicos a partir dos não-epistêmicos (SWEETSER, 1990; BYBEE et al., 1994), se uma trajetória de enfraquecimento semântico se aplica à construção modal espanhola "tener que". Para tanto, analisam-se dados sincrônicos e diacrônicos do espanhol peninsular, levando-se em consideração fatores contextuais impulsionadores desse processo de mudança (as características sintáticas e semânticas do sujeito da ocorrência com "tener que") e o tipo de Estado de Coisas no qual a construção se insere. A classificação modal adotada fundamenta-se nas propostas de Hengeveld (1988, 2004), Olbertz (1998) e Narrog (2005, 2009, 2012) e leva em consideração quatro subtipos: modalidade inerente, modalidade deôntica, modalidade epistêmica e modalidade volitiva. Com base em resultados de pesquisa em sincronias atuais, os quais revelaram que a perífrase "tener que" expressa, predominantemente, as modalidades inerente e deôntica, hipotetizamos que os "tokens" epistêmicos da construção sofreriam um aumento gradativo ao longo da história do espanhol, aparecendo em frequência mais significativa somente em sincronias mais recentes da língua. Os resultados da análise descrevem a abstratização do significado da perífrase, que passa a se associar a sujeitos inanimados e não-agentivos e a se inserir em Estados de Coisas que não envolvem [+controle], os quais possibilitam a preferência pela leitura epistêmica, valor modal mais abstrato quando comparado aos valores não-epistêmicos. Para a pesquisa nas sincronias atuais e na diacronia são utilizados, respectivamente, dados do Projeto PRESEEA ("Proyecto para el estudio sociolingüístico del español de España y América") e do CORDE ("Corpus Diacrónico del Español"). A presente investigação encontra sua justificativa nas contribuições que pode oferecer aos estudos funcionalistas, de maneira geral, e aos estudos sobre gramaticalização e modalidade, em particular.
Considering grammaticalization as a result of the operation of mechanisms of cognitive nature which are responsible for the conceptualization of more abstract domains in terms of more concrete domains, this work investigates, based on authors who postulate the tendency of the development of epistemic meanings from non-epistemic (SWEETSER, 1990; BYBEE et al., 1994), if a trajectory of semantic weakening applies to the Spanish modal "tener que". In order to do so, we analyze synchronic and diachronic data from peninsular Spanish, taking into account contextual factors that drive this process of change (the syntactic and semantic characteristics of the subject of occurrence with "tener que") and the type of State of Affairs in which the construction is inserted. The modal classification adopted is based on the proposals of Hengeveld (1988, 2004), Olbertz (1998) and Narrog (2005, 2009, 2012) and takes into account four subtypes: inherent modality, deontic modality, epistemic modality, and volitive modality. Based on results of research in current synchrony, which revealed that periphrasis "tener que" expresses predominantly inherent and deontic modalities, we hypothesize that the epistemic tokens of the construction would suffer a gradual increase throughout the history of the Spanish language, appearing at more significant frequency only in more recent synchronies of the language. The results of the analysis describe the abstraction of the periphrasis meaning, which is associated with inanimate and non-agentive subjects, and is inserted into State of Affairs that do not involve [+control], which allow the preference for epistemic reading, a modal value more abstract when compared to non-epistemic values. For the research on the current synchrony and diachrony, data from the PRESEEA Project (Project for the sociolinguistic study of Spanish from Spain and America) and from CORDE (Diachronic Corpus of Spanish) are used, respectively. This research finds its justification in the contributions that it can offer to the functionalist studies, in general, and the studies on grammaticalization and modality, in particular.
Considering grammaticalization as a result of the operation of mechanisms of cognitive nature which are responsible for the conceptualization of more abstract domains in terms of more concrete domains, this work investigates, based on authors who postulate the tendency of the development of epistemic meanings from non-epistemic (SWEETSER, 1990; BYBEE et al., 1994), if a trajectory of semantic weakening applies to the Spanish modal "tener que". In order to do so, we analyze synchronic and diachronic data from peninsular Spanish, taking into account contextual factors that drive this process of change (the syntactic and semantic characteristics of the subject of occurrence with "tener que") and the type of State of Affairs in which the construction is inserted. The modal classification adopted is based on the proposals of Hengeveld (1988, 2004), Olbertz (1998) and Narrog (2005, 2009, 2012) and takes into account four subtypes: inherent modality, deontic modality, epistemic modality, and volitive modality. Based on results of research in current synchrony, which revealed that periphrasis "tener que" expresses predominantly inherent and deontic modalities, we hypothesize that the epistemic tokens of the construction would suffer a gradual increase throughout the history of the Spanish language, appearing at more significant frequency only in more recent synchronies of the language. The results of the analysis describe the abstraction of the periphrasis meaning, which is associated with inanimate and non-agentive subjects, and is inserted into State of Affairs that do not involve [+control], which allow the preference for epistemic reading, a modal value more abstract when compared to non-epistemic values. For the research on the current synchrony and diachrony, data from the PRESEEA Project (Project for the sociolinguistic study of Spanish from Spain and America) and from CORDE (Diachronic Corpus of Spanish) are used, respectively. This research finds its justification in the contributions that it can offer to the functionalist studies, in general, and the studies on grammaticalization and modality, in particular.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Perífrase "tener que", Modalidade, Gramaticalização, Espanhol peninsular, Periphrasis "tener que", Modality, Grammaticalization, Peninsular Spanish