Características silviculturais e fungos associados a diferentes arbóreas nativas em três posições do terreno na bacia do córrego Lava-pés
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Data
2018-12-13
Autores
Santos, David Vitor dos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil possui uma infinidade de espécies arbóreas com elevado potencial para a produção de madeira, bem como componente de paisagem, de conservação, fixação de carbono e também recuperação de áreas degradadas. Portanto, há uma grande necessidade de estudos relacionados a árvores de espécies nativas. Isso se deve não só pela importância que as florestas nativas têm para o ecossistema, mas também pela necessidade de descrever aspectos relevantes quanto à sobrevivência, produção, fenologia, comportamento em determinados ambientes e às diversas doenças que incidem sobre as espécies, pouco relatadas na literatura. Todavia, a identificação de doenças em plantas nativas não é uma tarefa fácil, devido à falta de informações na literatura e também pelo comportamento dos fungos quando isolado. Novos patógenos podem originar-se da floresta, quando as essências nativas e/ou exóticas passam a ser cultivadas em escala comercial, sendo a identificação de elevada importância a fim de evitar danos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a sobrevivência, crescimento, produção, fenologia e doenças em diferentes espécies de árvores nativas do Brasil, plantadas em área de declive. A área foi dividida em três blocos, sendo baixa encosta (BE), meia encosta (ME) e Topo (TP). Avaliaram-se parâmetros concernentes à taxa de mortalidade das espécies, alturas totais, diâmetro, volume e fenologia das espécies. Para identificação das doenças, o plantio foi acompanhado pelo período de um ano, a fim de determinar sua distribuição nas espécies. As plantas com sintomas foram fotografadas com o objetivo de auxiliar na identificação dos respectivos agentes etiológicos associados. Foram feitas avaliações na área a cada 15 dias a fim de verificar a ocorrência de doenças e sua distribuição nas três regiões do terreno. Os resultados evidenciaram que o declive do terreno influencia diretamente na sobrevivência, crescimento e volumetria de espécies nativas, entretanto não foi observado efeito desse fator na fenologia das espécies. Foram identificadas doenças com elevada incidência nas espécies, sendo todas causadas por fungos, cujos principais gêneros são Colletotrichum sp., Pestalotia sp., Alternaria sp. e etc. A identificação morfológica e molecular revelou que muitos patógenos ainda não foram relatados na literatura e outros estudos precisam ser realizados, pois existe uma grande carência de informações relacionadas a ampla e diversa gama de espécies nativas do Brasil bem como as principais doenças que podem provocar sérios danos em seu desenvolvimento.
Brazil has a multitude of tree species with high potential for wood production, as well as landscape component, conservation, carbon fixation and also recovery of degraded areas. Therefore, there is a great need for studies related to trees of native species. This is due not only to the importance of native forests to the ecosystem, but also to the need to describe relevant aspects regarding survival, production, phenology, behavior in certain environments and the various diseases that affect species, which are not reported in the literature . However, the identification of diseases in native plants is not an easy task due to the lack of information in the literature and also the behavior of fungi when isolated. New pathogens can originate from the forest, when the native and / or exotic essences are grown on a commercial scale, with the identification of high importance in order to avoid damages. The objective of this work was to evaluate the survival, growth, production, phenology and diseases in different native tree species of Brazil, planted in a slope area. The area was divided into three blocks, being low slope (BE), half slope (ME) and Topo (TP). Parameters related to the mortality rate of the species, total heights, diameter, volume and phenology of the species were evaluated. To identify the diseases, the planting was followed for a period of one year, in order to determine their distribution in the species. The plants with symptoms were photographed with the objective of assisting in the identification of the respective associated etiological agents. Evaluations were carried out in the area every 15 days in order to verify the occurrence of diseases and their distribution in the three regions of the terrain. The results showed that the slope of the land directly influences the survival, growth and volumetry of native species. However, no effect of this factor was observed on the phenology of the species. It was identified diseases with high incidence in the species, all being caused by fungi, whose main genera are Colletotrichum sp., Pestalotia sp., Alternaria sp. and etc. The morphological and molecular identification revealed that many pathogens have not yet been reported in the literature and other studies need to be carried out because there is a great lack of information related to the wide and diverse range of native species of Brazil as well as the main diseases that can cause serious damages in its development.
Brazil has a multitude of tree species with high potential for wood production, as well as landscape component, conservation, carbon fixation and also recovery of degraded areas. Therefore, there is a great need for studies related to trees of native species. This is due not only to the importance of native forests to the ecosystem, but also to the need to describe relevant aspects regarding survival, production, phenology, behavior in certain environments and the various diseases that affect species, which are not reported in the literature . However, the identification of diseases in native plants is not an easy task due to the lack of information in the literature and also the behavior of fungi when isolated. New pathogens can originate from the forest, when the native and / or exotic essences are grown on a commercial scale, with the identification of high importance in order to avoid damages. The objective of this work was to evaluate the survival, growth, production, phenology and diseases in different native tree species of Brazil, planted in a slope area. The area was divided into three blocks, being low slope (BE), half slope (ME) and Topo (TP). Parameters related to the mortality rate of the species, total heights, diameter, volume and phenology of the species were evaluated. To identify the diseases, the planting was followed for a period of one year, in order to determine their distribution in the species. The plants with symptoms were photographed with the objective of assisting in the identification of the respective associated etiological agents. Evaluations were carried out in the area every 15 days in order to verify the occurrence of diseases and their distribution in the three regions of the terrain. The results showed that the slope of the land directly influences the survival, growth and volumetry of native species. However, no effect of this factor was observed on the phenology of the species. It was identified diseases with high incidence in the species, all being caused by fungi, whose main genera are Colletotrichum sp., Pestalotia sp., Alternaria sp. and etc. The morphological and molecular identification revealed that many pathogens have not yet been reported in the literature and other studies need to be carried out because there is a great lack of information related to the wide and diverse range of native species of Brazil as well as the main diseases that can cause serious damages in its development.
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Palavras-chave
Inventário florestal, Patologia florestal, Fungos em espécies nativas, Silvicultura, Forest inventory, Forest pathology, Fungi in native species, Forestry