Vigor de bezerras Girolando nos primeiros dias de vida e sua relação com saúde e desempenho até o desmame
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Data
2019-03-07
Autores
Soares, Suelen Caroline da Silva
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo com esta dissertação foi desenvolver uma ferramenta prática para caracterizar a vitalidade das bezerras e entender suas relações com a saúde e desempenho desses animais. Foram avaliadas 82 bezerras que nasceram de partos eutócicos (57,32%, N=47) e distócicos (42,68%, N=35), sendo distribuídas em dois grupos genéticos, 1/2HG (N=23, 28,05%) e 3/4HG (N=59, 71,95%). As seguintes características inerentes as bezerras foram quantificadas: latência para mamar, postura, sucção e velocidade de sucção. As notas de postura e sucção foram somadas para obter a nota de vigor, que variou de 2 a 6 (sendo 2 a nota correspondente ao pior vigor e 6 ao melhor estado de vigor), sendo que 42,68% das bezerras estavam no escore 6. Foram registradas características inerentes as vacas que somadas constituíram a nota de comportamento maternal, que nas análises estatísticas foi considerada juntamente com as variáveis latência para mamar, vigor, grupo genético das bezerras e tipo de parto, variáveis independentes. Ainda foram registradas variáveis consideradas dependentes nos modelos estatísticos: vigor, peso ao nascimento, transferência de imunidade passiva, tratamentos veterinários, ganho de peso diário e sobrevivência. Foi utilizada a regressão linear múltipla para identificar quais foram as variáveis inerentes as bezerras, utilizadas como efeito fixo do modelo na análise confirmatória. Para a análise confirmatória foi utilizado o procedimento PROC MIXED do SAS (versão 9.0). Para o vigor as variáveis grupo genético e velocidade de sucção tiveram efeito significativo (p = 0,0028 e <0,0001, respectivamente), sendo que as maiores notas de vigor foram para as bezerras 1/2HG (4,91) e para o escore 5 de velocidade de sucção (5,58). Para peso ao nascimento foi encontrado uma tendência a ser significativo da variável tipo de parto (p = 0,0804). Para a transferência de imunidade passiva as variáveis grupo genético e velocidade de sucção tiveram efeito significativo (p = 0,0021 e 0,0195, respectivamente), sendo que os animais 1/2HG tiveram uma melhor transferência (8,45g/dL), assim como os animais que ficaram com escore 5 de velocidade de sucção (8,52g/dL). Para o ganho de peso diário a variável grupo genético teve efeito significativo (p = 0,0092), com os animais 1/2HG (0,74Kg) ganhando mais peso por dia do que os animais 3/4HG (0,64Kg) e também teve efeito significatico do vigor (p = 0,0199), sendo que os animais no escore 4 de vigor tiveram um maior ganho de peso (0,75Kg). A relação entre as variáveis consideradas binomiais (sobrevivência e tratamentos veterinários) com as variáveis inerentes as bezerras após a regressão foi avaliada através do teste qui-quadrado, porém não foi encontrado efeito significativo para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas. Conclui-se que a nota de vigor é uma importante ferramenta para a avaliação das bezerras nos primeiros dias de vida, sendo que o grupo genético e a velocidade de sucção foram fatores de grande influência para a distribuição dessa nota. Além disso, com os nossos resultados foi possível encontrar influência da nota de vigor para o ganho de peso diário das bezerras.
The objetive of this dissertation was to develop a practical tool to characterize the vitality of calves and to understand their relationships with the health and performance of these animals. Eighty-two calves born of eutocic (57.32%, N = 47) and dystocic (42.68%, N = 35) calves were distributed in two genetic groups, 1/2HG (N = 23, 28.05 %) and 3/4HG (N = 59, 71.95%). The following inherent characteristics were quantified: suckling latency, posture, suction and suction velocity. Posture and suction scores were added to obtain the vigor score, which ranged from 2 to 6 (2 being the worst strength score and 6 being the best state of vigor), and 42.68% of the calves were in the score 6. Inherited characteristics were registered cows, which together were the maternal behavior note, which, together with the variables latency to suckling, vigor, genetic group of calves and type of calving, were considered as independent variables. Variables considered to be dependent on statistical models were also recorded: vigor, birth weight, transfer of passive immunity, veterinary treatments, daily weight gain and survival. Multiple linear regression was used to identify which inherent variables were heifers, which were used as fixed effect of the model in the confirmatory analysis. For the confirmatory analysis, the SAS PROC MIXED procedure (version 9.0) was used. For vigor, the variables group and suction velocity had a significant effect (p = 0.0028 and <0.0001, respectively), with the highest strength scores being for 1/2HG (4.91) calves and for the suction speed score 5 (5.58). For birth weight a tendency to be significant of the type of birth variable was found (p = 0.0804). For the transfer of passive immunity, the variables genetic group and suction velocity had a significant effect (p = 0.0021 and 0.0195, respectively), with 1/2HG animals having a better transfer (8.45g/dL), as well as those animals that had suction speed score (8.52g/dL). For the daily weight gain, the genetic group variable had a significant effect (p = 0.0092), with 1/2HG animals (0.74Kg) gaining more weight per day than 3/4HG animals (0.64Kg) and also had a significant effect of vigor (p = 0.0199), and animals in vigor score 4 had a greater weight gain (0.75Kg). The relationship between the variables considered binomial (survival and veterinary treatments) and variables inherent to the calves after regression was evaluated through the chi-square test, but no significant effect was found for any of the variables analyzed. It was concluded that the vigor note is an important tool for the evaluation of calves in the first days of life, and the genetic group and the sucking speed were factors of great influence for the distribution of this note. In addition, with our results it was possible to find influence of the vigor note for the daily weight gain of calves.
The objetive of this dissertation was to develop a practical tool to characterize the vitality of calves and to understand their relationships with the health and performance of these animals. Eighty-two calves born of eutocic (57.32%, N = 47) and dystocic (42.68%, N = 35) calves were distributed in two genetic groups, 1/2HG (N = 23, 28.05 %) and 3/4HG (N = 59, 71.95%). The following inherent characteristics were quantified: suckling latency, posture, suction and suction velocity. Posture and suction scores were added to obtain the vigor score, which ranged from 2 to 6 (2 being the worst strength score and 6 being the best state of vigor), and 42.68% of the calves were in the score 6. Inherited characteristics were registered cows, which together were the maternal behavior note, which, together with the variables latency to suckling, vigor, genetic group of calves and type of calving, were considered as independent variables. Variables considered to be dependent on statistical models were also recorded: vigor, birth weight, transfer of passive immunity, veterinary treatments, daily weight gain and survival. Multiple linear regression was used to identify which inherent variables were heifers, which were used as fixed effect of the model in the confirmatory analysis. For the confirmatory analysis, the SAS PROC MIXED procedure (version 9.0) was used. For vigor, the variables group and suction velocity had a significant effect (p = 0.0028 and <0.0001, respectively), with the highest strength scores being for 1/2HG (4.91) calves and for the suction speed score 5 (5.58). For birth weight a tendency to be significant of the type of birth variable was found (p = 0.0804). For the transfer of passive immunity, the variables genetic group and suction velocity had a significant effect (p = 0.0021 and 0.0195, respectively), with 1/2HG animals having a better transfer (8.45g/dL), as well as those animals that had suction speed score (8.52g/dL). For the daily weight gain, the genetic group variable had a significant effect (p = 0.0092), with 1/2HG animals (0.74Kg) gaining more weight per day than 3/4HG animals (0.64Kg) and also had a significant effect of vigor (p = 0.0199), and animals in vigor score 4 had a greater weight gain (0.75Kg). The relationship between the variables considered binomial (survival and veterinary treatments) and variables inherent to the calves after regression was evaluated through the chi-square test, but no significant effect was found for any of the variables analyzed. It was concluded that the vigor note is an important tool for the evaluation of calves in the first days of life, and the genetic group and the sucking speed were factors of great influence for the distribution of this note. In addition, with our results it was possible to find influence of the vigor note for the daily weight gain of calves.
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Palavras-chave
Vitalidade, Grupo genético, Ganho de peso, Transferência de imunidade passiva