O design da informação em ambientes digitais eHealth: aspectos socioculturais e cognitivos
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Data
2019-02-21
Autores
Landim, Laís Alpi [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As relações cada vez mais estreitas entre a tecnologia e a saúde fizeram surgir a chamada eHealth, um conceito que se refere aos processos de comunicação ou melhoria dos serviços e informação em saúde por meio da Internet e demais tecnologias eletrônicas. No contexto da eHealth, estudos abordaram os diferentes graus de literacia em saúde - a habilidade de processar e compreender informações referentes a temas relacionados à saúde - dos indivíduos e sua relação com a adequação dos serviços eletrônicos da área. grande parte da população global possui um nível limitado de alfabetização em saúde. A literacia em saúde está relacionada a fatores pessoais, como condições demográficas e de saúde, assim como a dificuldade de utilizar serviços eHealth. As dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de saúde eletrônicos podem ser ocasionadas por problemas no Design da Informação desses serviços, como a disponibilidade e a legibilidade dos seus conteúdos e a sua usabilidade. O Design da Informação (DI) é uma disciplina que agrupa uma ampla gama de conhecimentos e aplicações. Dentre eles, envolve a análise, o planejamento, a organização e a apresentação de mensagens em seus meios, sejam eles analógicos ou digitais. O DI fornece elementos de melhoria significativa para a interface gráfica de interação entre os ambientes digitais e os indivíduos, a fim de melhorar o acesso, a interação e a comunicação dos documentos, com foco na legibilidade, compreensão e integração do conhecimento. A presente pesquisa debruça-se em torno das questões seguintes a essa percepção: Quais características sociais e culturais das comunidades de interesse devem ser levadas em consideração nos processos de comunicação em ambientes informacionais digitais de saúde? Quais aspectos do DI devem ser considerados na sua concepção e projetos, e de que forma essas áreas da informação e comunicação se relacionam nos ambientes de eHealth voltados ao Zika no Brasil? O objetivo geral é investigar os aspectos de Design da Informação que devem ser considerados no projeto e concepção de ambientes informacionais digitais de saúde, levando em consideração as características sociais e culturais das comunidades a quem se destinam. Espera-se que esta dissertação forneça elementos de relevância tanto social - uma vez que podem contribuir para a melhoria da informação em saúde disponibilizada em meios digitais - quanto científica, contribuindo com novos conceitos e perspectivas para a área da Ciência da Informação e disciplinas convergentes. As considerações acerca da influência dos níveis de literacia em saúde da comunidade de interesse no processo de interação com a informação em saúde, conjugadas com as considerações sobre a importância de considerar o contexto social a quem os produtos de comunicação em saúde estão destinados apontam para a necessidade de realizar um amplo estudo das características sócioculturais dessas comunidades nos processos de Design da Informação de ambientes eHealth. Devem ser observadas características demográficas que prevalecem nosses grupos, como idade, gênero, etnia, escolaridade, classe social, crenças e valores. O contexto da epidemia por Zica vírus no Brasil, que resultou em um grande número de casos de microcefalia e outras doenças a ele relacionadas apresentou-se como um quadro em que a aplicação dessa abordagem de Design da Informação representaria uma melhoria na comunicação em saúde com as comunidades afetadas.
Increasingly close relationships between technology and health have created the so-called eHealth, a concept that refers to the processes of communication or improvement of health services and information through the Internet and other electronic technologies. In the eHealth context, studies have addressed the different degrees of health literacy - the ability to process and understand information related to health issues - of individuals and their relationship to the adequacy of the area's electronic services. A large part of the global population has a limited level of health literacy. Health literacy is related to personal factors such as demographic and health conditions, as well as the difficulty of using eHealth services. The difficulties of accessing electronic health services can be caused by problems in the Information Design of these services, such as the availability and readability of their contents and their usability. Information Design is a discipline that brings together a wide range of knowledge and applications. Among them, it involves the analysis, planning, organization and presentation of messages in their media, whether analog or digital. Information Design provides elements of significant improvement for the graphical interaction interface between digital environments and individuals, in order to improve access, interaction and communication of documents, focusing on the readability, comprehension and integration of knowledge. This research focuses on the following questions: Which social and cultural characteristics of communities of interest should be taken into account in communication processes in digital health information environments? What aspects of Information Design should be considered in their design and projects, and how do these areas of information and communication relate to eHealth environments related to Zika in Brazil? The general objective is to investigate the aspects of Information Design that should be considered in the design of digital health information environments, taking into account the social and cultural characteristics of the communities for which they are intended. It is hoped that this dissertation will provide elements of social relevance - since they can contribute to the improvement of health information made available in digital - as well as scientific, contributing new concepts and perspectives for the area of Information Science and convergent disciplines. Considerations about the influence of health literacy levels of the community of interest on the process of interaction with health information, coupled with considerations about the importance of considering the social context to which health communication products are intended need to carry out an extensive study of the socio-cultural characteristics of these communities in the processes of Information Design of eHealth environments. Demographic characteristics that prevail in these groups, such as age, gender, ethnicity, schooling, social class, beliefs and values should be observed. The context of the Zica virus epidemic in Brazil, which resulted in a large number of cases of microcephaly and other diseases related to it, was presented as a framework in which the application of this Information Design approach would represent an improvement in health communication with affected communities.
Increasingly close relationships between technology and health have created the so-called eHealth, a concept that refers to the processes of communication or improvement of health services and information through the Internet and other electronic technologies. In the eHealth context, studies have addressed the different degrees of health literacy - the ability to process and understand information related to health issues - of individuals and their relationship to the adequacy of the area's electronic services. A large part of the global population has a limited level of health literacy. Health literacy is related to personal factors such as demographic and health conditions, as well as the difficulty of using eHealth services. The difficulties of accessing electronic health services can be caused by problems in the Information Design of these services, such as the availability and readability of their contents and their usability. Information Design is a discipline that brings together a wide range of knowledge and applications. Among them, it involves the analysis, planning, organization and presentation of messages in their media, whether analog or digital. Information Design provides elements of significant improvement for the graphical interaction interface between digital environments and individuals, in order to improve access, interaction and communication of documents, focusing on the readability, comprehension and integration of knowledge. This research focuses on the following questions: Which social and cultural characteristics of communities of interest should be taken into account in communication processes in digital health information environments? What aspects of Information Design should be considered in their design and projects, and how do these areas of information and communication relate to eHealth environments related to Zika in Brazil? The general objective is to investigate the aspects of Information Design that should be considered in the design of digital health information environments, taking into account the social and cultural characteristics of the communities for which they are intended. It is hoped that this dissertation will provide elements of social relevance - since they can contribute to the improvement of health information made available in digital - as well as scientific, contributing new concepts and perspectives for the area of Information Science and convergent disciplines. Considerations about the influence of health literacy levels of the community of interest on the process of interaction with health information, coupled with considerations about the importance of considering the social context to which health communication products are intended need to carry out an extensive study of the socio-cultural characteristics of these communities in the processes of Information Design of eHealth environments. Demographic characteristics that prevail in these groups, such as age, gender, ethnicity, schooling, social class, beliefs and values should be observed. The context of the Zica virus epidemic in Brazil, which resulted in a large number of cases of microcephaly and other diseases related to it, was presented as a framework in which the application of this Information Design approach would represent an improvement in health communication with affected communities.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Design da informação, eHealth, Literacia em saúde, Comunicação em saúde, Design contextual, Information design, Health literacy, Health communication, Contextual design