Influência do design de órteses de punho e mão no desconforto, transmissão de torque e desempenho em tarefas manuais
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Data
2019-02-06
Autores
Ferrari, Ana Lya Moya
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As lesões nos membros superiores causam impacto direto na vida de um indivíduo. As órteses são dispositivos utilizados para a reabilitação desses membros e, assim como as demais Tecnologias Assistivas, necessitam da adaptação e aceitação do usuário. O aumento de incentivo às pesquisas em Tecnologia Assistiva é um fator favorável ao desenvolvimento de órteses uma vez que traz a tona questões referentes à ergonomia e ao desempenho destes dispositivos; aspectos importantes a serem considerados para garantir a eficiência fisiológica e funcional do equipamento e a adaptação do usuário. Todas essas informações podem auxiliar no design de órteses mais ergonômicas e, portanto, mais apropriadas às necessidades e expectativas dos consumidores. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar o desempenho, desconforto e transmissão de força de torque em tarefas manuais em quatro condições: três órteses pré-fabricadas de punho e mão, feitas de neoprene e lona, e mão livre, através de tarefas simuladas e da avaliação de torque manual. A avaliação de desconforto mostrou diferenças na percepção de desconforto entre todas as órtese e revelou regiões que devem receber maior atenção no projeto desses dispositivos a fim de garantir o conforto do usuário. Com relação ao desempenho na realização das tarefas de digitação e escrita manual, foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas entre condições avaliadas, sendo que a órtese Lona apresentou os maiores valores de dificuldade e tempo na execução das tarefas. Também foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas na transmissão de força de torque, com significativa redução de torque manual com a órtese Lona. Os dados sugerem que o design e o material das órteses têm influência no desempenho nas mesmas na execução de movimentos manuais e na percepção de desconforto do usuário. O presente estudo sugere diretrizes para o design e indicação de órteses de punho e mão baseadas nos resultados encontrados.
Upper limb injuries have a direct impact on an individual's life. Orthoses are devices used in the rehabilitation of these members and, like the other Assistive Technologies, they need the adaptation and acceptance of the user. The increased incentive to research in Assistive Technology is a beneficial factor for the development of orthotics since they raise questions regarding the ergonomics and performance of these devices; important aspects to be considered to guarantee the physiological and functional efficiency of the equipment and user's adaptation. All this information can support the design of orthoses more ergonomic and, therefore, better suitable for consumer's needs and expectations. The present study aimed to compare performance, discomfort and torsion transmission in manual tasks under various conditions: Three pre-fabricated wrist and hand orthosis, made of neoprene and canvas, and free hand, through simulated tasks and manual torque evaluation. The discomfort evaluation showed differences in the perception of discomfort among all orthoses and revealed regions that should receive attention during the design of these devices in order to guarantee user's comfort. Regarding the performance in the tasks of typing and hand writing, significant statistical differences were observed between the evaluated conditions and Canvas orthosis showed the highest values of difficulty and time in the accomplishment of the tasks. Significant statistical differences in torque transmission were also observed, with a significant reduction of manual torque with Canvas orthosis. Data suggest that the design and material of the orthoses have an influence on their performance in the execution of manual movements and in user's discomfort perception. The present study suggests guidelines for the design and indication of wrist and hand based on the results found.
Upper limb injuries have a direct impact on an individual's life. Orthoses are devices used in the rehabilitation of these members and, like the other Assistive Technologies, they need the adaptation and acceptance of the user. The increased incentive to research in Assistive Technology is a beneficial factor for the development of orthotics since they raise questions regarding the ergonomics and performance of these devices; important aspects to be considered to guarantee the physiological and functional efficiency of the equipment and user's adaptation. All this information can support the design of orthoses more ergonomic and, therefore, better suitable for consumer's needs and expectations. The present study aimed to compare performance, discomfort and torsion transmission in manual tasks under various conditions: Three pre-fabricated wrist and hand orthosis, made of neoprene and canvas, and free hand, through simulated tasks and manual torque evaluation. The discomfort evaluation showed differences in the perception of discomfort among all orthoses and revealed regions that should receive attention during the design of these devices in order to guarantee user's comfort. Regarding the performance in the tasks of typing and hand writing, significant statistical differences were observed between the evaluated conditions and Canvas orthosis showed the highest values of difficulty and time in the accomplishment of the tasks. Significant statistical differences in torque transmission were also observed, with a significant reduction of manual torque with Canvas orthosis. Data suggest that the design and material of the orthoses have an influence on their performance in the execution of manual movements and in user's discomfort perception. The present study suggests guidelines for the design and indication of wrist and hand based on the results found.
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Palavras-chave
Órtese, Assistive Technology, Design, Ergonomia, Orthoses, Assistive technology, Ergonomics