Avaliação de impactos ambientais e propostas de gestão de áreas úmidas (MG)
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Data
2019-02-11
Autores
Zezzo, Larissa Vieira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As áreas úmidas estão entre os ecossistemas mais ameaçados do mundo, mesmo perante os consecutivos esforços em conservas este ambiente. Entre os municípios de Uberlândia e Uberaba encontram-se áreas úmidas de grande importância ambiental, social e econômica, dada a relação dessas áreas com áreas de recarga, influenciando no abastecimento desses municípios. Nessa região, desenvolvem-se diversas atividades econômicas, tais como a agricultura e a mineração. A interferência antrópica nesse local acarreta diversos impactos ambientais, principalmente nas áreas úmidas, por ser este, um ecossistema sensível às mudanças. Para uma análise detalhada, foram escolhidos seis pontos dentro da área de estudo, englobando áreas de cultivo agrícola, mineração, áreas drenadas e locais naturais, sem interferência antrópica, visando analisar diversos parâmetros ambientais. Por meio de trabalhos de campo, foi possível avaliar as mudanças morfológicas do solo e coletar amostras para realizar análises físico-químicas. As análises granulométricas e a química do complexo sortivo forneceram informações para melhor compreender a extensão dos impactos ambientais em decorrência de atividades econômicas desenvolvidas na área. Dentre os pontos analisados, notou-se mudanças morfológicas nas áreas de cultivo agrícola e principalmente na área de mineração, onde ocorre erosão laminar. A análise granulométrica evidenciou mudança textural nos locais de cultivo agrícola, enquanto que os demais pontos foram classificados como de textura argilosa ou muito argilosa. A análise química evidenciou que os solos das áreas de cultivo agrícola apresentaram teores elevados de micronutrientes e macronutrientes nas camadas superficiais e a saturação por bases foi muito baixa em praticamente todos os pontos estudados. O local da Mineração foi o ponto com menor teor de nutrientes, mostrando-se mais degradado e menos propício ao crescimento vegetal. A legislação brasileira se mostrou ineficiente na proteção e conservação das áreas úmidas, sendo essencial propor medidas de gestão ambiental para as áreas úmidas estudadas.
Wetlands are among the most threatened ecosystems of the world, even in the face of consecutive efforts to preserve this environment. Between the Uberlândia and Uberaba municipals exist wetlands of environmental, social and economic importance, given the relationship of these areas with areas of recharge, influencing the supply of these municipalities. In this region, several economic activities are developed, such as agriculture and mining. Anthropic interference results in many environmental impacts, especially in wetlands, because this is an ecosystem sensitive to changes. Six points were selected in the area of study, including areas of farming, mining, drainage areas and natural sites, without anthropic interference, to analyze several environmental parameters. Through fieldwork, it was possible to evaluate the morphological changes of the soil and to collect sample of soil for physical and chemical analyzes. The granulometric analysis and sorption complex chemistry provided information to better understand the extent of environmental impacts because of economic activities developed there. Among the analyzed points, morphological changes were observed in the areas of farming and mainly in the mining area, where laminar erosion occurs. The granulometric analysis evidenced textural changes in the farming areas, while the other points were classified as clayey or very clayey. The chemical analysis showed that the soils of the farming areas had high levels of micronutrients and macronutrients in the superficial layers and the saturation by bases was very low in practically all the studied points. The Mining area was the point with lowest content of nutrients, being more degraded and less propitious to the vegetal growth. The Brazilian legislation proved inefficient in the protection and conservation of wetlands, being essential to propose environmental management measures for the wetlands studied.
Wetlands are among the most threatened ecosystems of the world, even in the face of consecutive efforts to preserve this environment. Between the Uberlândia and Uberaba municipals exist wetlands of environmental, social and economic importance, given the relationship of these areas with areas of recharge, influencing the supply of these municipalities. In this region, several economic activities are developed, such as agriculture and mining. Anthropic interference results in many environmental impacts, especially in wetlands, because this is an ecosystem sensitive to changes. Six points were selected in the area of study, including areas of farming, mining, drainage areas and natural sites, without anthropic interference, to analyze several environmental parameters. Through fieldwork, it was possible to evaluate the morphological changes of the soil and to collect sample of soil for physical and chemical analyzes. The granulometric analysis and sorption complex chemistry provided information to better understand the extent of environmental impacts because of economic activities developed there. Among the analyzed points, morphological changes were observed in the areas of farming and mainly in the mining area, where laminar erosion occurs. The granulometric analysis evidenced textural changes in the farming areas, while the other points were classified as clayey or very clayey. The chemical analysis showed that the soils of the farming areas had high levels of micronutrients and macronutrients in the superficial layers and the saturation by bases was very low in practically all the studied points. The Mining area was the point with lowest content of nutrients, being more degraded and less propitious to the vegetal growth. The Brazilian legislation proved inefficient in the protection and conservation of wetlands, being essential to propose environmental management measures for the wetlands studied.
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Palavras-chave
Áreas úmidas, Conservação, Impactos, Legislação, Gestão ambiental, Wetlands, Conservation, Impacts, Legislation, Environmental management