Impacto das atitudes socioculturais na insatisfação com a aparência geral do corpo de estudantes universitários
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Data
2019-02-22
Autores
Barra, Júlia Valério
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivos: i. traduzir e adaptar culturalmente para a língua portuguesa o Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-4) e estimar suas propriedades psicométricas para uma amostra de estudantes universitários brasileiros. ii. estimar as propriedades psicométricas de uma escala de investigação da (in)satisfação com aparência corporal (BAS) para amostra de universitários. ii. desenvolver um modelo teórico para verificar o impacto de contextos socioculturais, demográficos e antropométricos na insatisfação com a aparência geral mediado pela internalização do corpo magro e atlético dos universitários. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 1.051 estudantes universitários de ambos os sexos (698 mulheres), de uma instituição pública de ensino. A versão em português do SATAQ-4 foi desenvolvida e apresentada. Os participantes preencheram o SATAQ-4, a BAS e um questionário demográfico. As propriedades psicométricas de cada instrumento foram estimadas considerando as validades fatorial, convergente e discriminante e a confiabilidade. A análise fatorial confirmatória foi utilizada. A invariância fatorial também foi estimada utilizando análise multigrupos. Após ajustamento dos modelos fatoriais aos dados, testou-se um modelo hipoteticamente causal utilizando modelagem de equações estruturais. Foi avaliado o impacto das pressões socioculturais (família, amigos e mídia), demográficos e antropométricos na (in)satisfação com a aparência corporal. As internalizações do padrão corporal ideal foram inseridas como mediadoras. Adotou-se α=5%. Resultados: As propriedades psicométricas do modelo original do SATAQ-4 foram adequadas para amostra. A BAS foi reestruturada teoricamente para ajustamento aos dados. Foram realizadas modificações como exclusão de itens e inclusão de dois fatores (Insatisfação com a aparência do rosto e Insatisfação com a aparência do corpo). Essa versão foi denominada Escala de (In)Satisfação com Aparência Corporal (BAS-R). Após ajustamento dos instrumentos aos dados, o modelo hipoteticamente causal foi testado somente para as mulheres, uma vez que a amostra masculina não atingiu tamanho amostral suficiente para realização das análises. Neste modelo, as pressões socioculturais mediadas pela internalização do corpo magro impactaram significativamente na insatisfação com a aparência. O nível econômico e a prática de atividade física impactaram na internalização do corpo muscular que, por sua vez, impactou de maneira significativa e inversa na insatisfação com a aparência do corpo. O IMC apresentou impacto significativo no modelo. Conclusão: Os instrumentos (SATAQ-4 e BAS-R) foram válidos e confiáveis para a amostra. As pressões socioculturais, mediadas pela internalização do corpo magro e do corpo atlético, impactaram significativamente na insatisfação com a aparência sendo que quanto maior as pressões, maior a internalização com o corpo magro e a insatisfação.
Objectives: i. to translate and culturally adapt into Portuguese the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-4) and to estimate its psychometric properties for a sample of Brazilian university students. ii. to estimate the psychometric properties of a body appearance satisfaction/dissatisfaction (BAS) research scale for university students. ii. to develop a theoretical model to verify the impact of socio-cultural, demographic and anthropometric contexts on dissatisfaction with the general appearance mediated by the internalization of the lean and athletic body of university students. Methods: A total of 1,051 university students of both sexes (698 women) from a public educational institution participated in the study. The Portuguese version of SATAQ-4 was developed and presented. Participants completed SATAQ-4, BAS and a demographic questionnaire. The psychometric properties of each instrument were estimated considering factorial, convergent and discriminant validity and reliability. Confirmatory factorial analysis was used. The factorial invariance was also estimated using multigroup analysis. After adjustment of the factorial models to the data, a hypothetically causal model was tested using structural equation modeling. The impact of sociocultural (family, peers and media), demographic and anthropometric pressures on satisfaction/dissatisfaction with body appearance was evaluated. The internalizations of the ideal body pattern were inserted as mediators. α=5% was adopted. Results: The psychometric properties of the original SATAQ-4 model were adequate for the sample. BAS was theoretically restructured to fit the data. Modifications were made such as exclusion of items and inclusion of two factors (Dissatisfaction with the appearance of the face and Dissatisfaction with the appearance of the body). This version was called the Body Appearance (Dis)Satisfaction Scale (BAS-R). After adjustment of the instruments to the data, the hypothetically causal model was tested only for the women, since the male sample did not reach enough sample size for the analysis. In this model, the socio-cultural pressures mediated by the lean body internalization had a significant impact on the dissatisfaction with appearance. The economic level and the practice of physical activity impacted the internalization of the muscular body, which, in turn, had a significant and inverse impact on the dissatisfaction with the body's appearance. The BMI had a significant impact on the model. Conclusion: The instruments (SATAQ-4 and BAS-R) were valid and reliable for the sample. Socio-cultural pressures, mediated by the internalization of the lean body and the athletic body, significantly impacted the dissatisfaction with the appearance, and the higher the pressures, the greater the internalization with the lean body and the dissatisfaction.
Objectives: i. to translate and culturally adapt into Portuguese the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-4) and to estimate its psychometric properties for a sample of Brazilian university students. ii. to estimate the psychometric properties of a body appearance satisfaction/dissatisfaction (BAS) research scale for university students. ii. to develop a theoretical model to verify the impact of socio-cultural, demographic and anthropometric contexts on dissatisfaction with the general appearance mediated by the internalization of the lean and athletic body of university students. Methods: A total of 1,051 university students of both sexes (698 women) from a public educational institution participated in the study. The Portuguese version of SATAQ-4 was developed and presented. Participants completed SATAQ-4, BAS and a demographic questionnaire. The psychometric properties of each instrument were estimated considering factorial, convergent and discriminant validity and reliability. Confirmatory factorial analysis was used. The factorial invariance was also estimated using multigroup analysis. After adjustment of the factorial models to the data, a hypothetically causal model was tested using structural equation modeling. The impact of sociocultural (family, peers and media), demographic and anthropometric pressures on satisfaction/dissatisfaction with body appearance was evaluated. The internalizations of the ideal body pattern were inserted as mediators. α=5% was adopted. Results: The psychometric properties of the original SATAQ-4 model were adequate for the sample. BAS was theoretically restructured to fit the data. Modifications were made such as exclusion of items and inclusion of two factors (Dissatisfaction with the appearance of the face and Dissatisfaction with the appearance of the body). This version was called the Body Appearance (Dis)Satisfaction Scale (BAS-R). After adjustment of the instruments to the data, the hypothetically causal model was tested only for the women, since the male sample did not reach enough sample size for the analysis. In this model, the socio-cultural pressures mediated by the lean body internalization had a significant impact on the dissatisfaction with appearance. The economic level and the practice of physical activity impacted the internalization of the muscular body, which, in turn, had a significant and inverse impact on the dissatisfaction with the body's appearance. The BMI had a significant impact on the model. Conclusion: The instruments (SATAQ-4 and BAS-R) were valid and reliable for the sample. Socio-cultural pressures, mediated by the internalization of the lean body and the athletic body, significantly impacted the dissatisfaction with the appearance, and the higher the pressures, the greater the internalization with the lean body and the dissatisfaction.
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Palavras-chave
Imagem corporal, Aspectos Socioculturais, Estudantes, Validação, Body image, Students