Representações literárias da história brasileira do século XIX: estudo comparativo entre os romances históricos de Márcio Souza e os de Erico Verissimo
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Data
2019-02-07
Autores
Mesquita, Maria Cláudia de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os romances históricos apresentam fatos históricos ficcionalizados, ou seja, recriados para a literatura. Neste trabalho foram analisados os três primeiros volumes que compõem a tetralogia Crônicas do Grão-Pará e Rio Negro, de Márcio Souza, e os livros da primeira parte da trilogia O Tempo e o vento, de Erico Verissimo. Tais romances tratam das guerras separatistas ocorridas nas regiões Norte e Sul do Brasil no século XIX, sendo a Cabanagem e a Farroupilha, respectivamente. Márcio Souza dedica sua tetralogia a Erico Verissimo, demonstrando uma afinidade inicial entre suas obras, embora com projetos literários diferentes: enquanto o escritor gaúcho narra a construção e a formação de uma identidade para a região sul do país, o autor amazonense traz uma região despedaçada e desconstruída tanto pela chegada dos estrangeiros como pela negação dos que ali viviam. A crítica social está presente nos dois autores e busca denunciar as desigualdades presentes desde o século XIX no Brasil. Nesta análise destacam-se os aspectos sociais, culturais, políticos e econômicos de cada região naquela época que são apresentados nos romances. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa é realizar um estudo comparativo entre esses romances e observar como as características que o compõem se estruturam para traçar um panorama histórico, considerando que o tempo da história (enunciado) é semelhante nos dois universos ficcionais, mas o do discurso (enunciação) é diferente, contando inclusive com diferentes narradores. Os romances apresentam também diferentes posicionamentos quanto ao contexto de produção de cada autor. Enquanto os de Erico Verissimo ainda alimentam uma esperança no futuro, os de Márcio Souza são marcados por um clima de poucas ilusões quanto à luta pela transformação social.
Historical novels present fictionalized historical facts, that is, recreated for literature. In this research the first three books that compose the tetralogy “Crônicas do Grão-Pará e Rio Negro”, by Márcio Souza and the books of the first part of the trilogy “O Continente”, by Erico Verissimo, were analyzed. These novels tell of the separatist wars that took place in the northern and southern regions of Brazil in the nineteenth century, “Cabanagem” and “Farroupilha”, respectively. Márcio Souza dedicates his tetralogy to Erico Verissimo demonstrating an initial affinity between his literary works, although, with different literary projects: while the writer from the south (Erico Verissimo) narrates the construction and the formation of an identity for the southern region of the country, the Amazonian author brings a shattered region and deconstructed both by the arrival of the foreigners and by the denial of those who lived there. Social criticism is present in both authors and seeks to denounce the inequalities present since the nineteenth century in Brazil. This analysis highlights the social, cultural, political and economic aspects of each region at that time, presented in these novels. Thus, the purpose of this research is to carry out a comparative study between these novels and how they are structured to draw a historical panorama, considering that the time of history (statement) is similar in the two fictional universes, but that of the discourse (enunciation) is different, including the narrators. The novels also present different positions regarding the context of each author's production. While those of Erico Verissimo still fuel hope in the future, those of Márcio Souza are marked by a climate of few illusions about the struggle for social transformation.
Historical novels present fictionalized historical facts, that is, recreated for literature. In this research the first three books that compose the tetralogy “Crônicas do Grão-Pará e Rio Negro”, by Márcio Souza and the books of the first part of the trilogy “O Continente”, by Erico Verissimo, were analyzed. These novels tell of the separatist wars that took place in the northern and southern regions of Brazil in the nineteenth century, “Cabanagem” and “Farroupilha”, respectively. Márcio Souza dedicates his tetralogy to Erico Verissimo demonstrating an initial affinity between his literary works, although, with different literary projects: while the writer from the south (Erico Verissimo) narrates the construction and the formation of an identity for the southern region of the country, the Amazonian author brings a shattered region and deconstructed both by the arrival of the foreigners and by the denial of those who lived there. Social criticism is present in both authors and seeks to denounce the inequalities present since the nineteenth century in Brazil. This analysis highlights the social, cultural, political and economic aspects of each region at that time, presented in these novels. Thus, the purpose of this research is to carry out a comparative study between these novels and how they are structured to draw a historical panorama, considering that the time of history (statement) is similar in the two fictional universes, but that of the discourse (enunciation) is different, including the narrators. The novels also present different positions regarding the context of each author's production. While those of Erico Verissimo still fuel hope in the future, those of Márcio Souza are marked by a climate of few illusions about the struggle for social transformation.
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Palavras-chave
Erico Verissimo, Márcio Souza, Romance Histórico, O tempo e o vento, Crônicas do Grão-Pará e Rio Negro