Análise integrada dos aspectos e impactos ambientais da atividade operacional em parque eólico no sudoeste da Bahia Brasil
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Data
2019-02-27
Autores
Nogueira, Lucidalva Rodrigues de Souza
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A demanda por energia elétrica e seus sistemas de produção e distribuição são relevantes para a sociedade, pois está associada ao desenvolvimento das nações. Atualmente muitas empresas do ramo estão surgindo em nosso país, particularmente na região Nordeste, devido às condições ambientais para geração de energia eólica. Assim, como toda ação antrópica, a utilização dos ventos para geração de energia elétrica apresenta impactos positivos e negativos. Nesse sentido, a proposta dessa pesquisa foi realizar uma análise integrada dos aspectos e impactos ambientais na operação do Parque Eólico Complexo Alto Sertão no distrito de Morrinhos - Guanambi\Bahia. A proposta de estudo foi delineada por meio de dois métodos de avaliação de impacto ambiental: rede de interação e matriz de ponderação. Dentre os impactos positivos destacados pode ser citada a melhoria das condições de vida dos proprietários de terra os quais são contratados por arrendamento do uso da área. Outro impacto positivo significativo foi à geração de empregos na instalação e operação do empreendimento, pois sugiram oportunidades de serviços local e regional. Destaca se também como impacto positivo significativo o aumento de recursos econômicos para os municípios da região dado o aumento na arrecadação de impostos e tributos. Assim, a sociedade local entende que produção de energia eólica auxilia desenvolvimento socioeconômico. A produção de energia eólica, mesmo sendo uma fonte renovável, como toda atividade humana promove também impactos negativos. Os impactos negativos mais significativos percebidos pela comunidade foram: emissão de ruídos oriundo das torres em funcionamento; a ruptura da paisagem local devido à instalação do conjunto de aerogeradores que modificam a paisagem natural do ambiente.
Demand for electricity and its production and distribution systems are relevant to society, as it is associated with the development of nations. Currently many companies in the industry are emerging in our country, particularly in the Northeast, due to the environmental conditions for wind energy generation. Thus, like all anthropic actions, the use of winds to generate electricity has positive and negative impacts. In this sense, the proposal of this research was to carry out an integrated analysis of environmental aspects and impacts in the operation of the Alto Sertão Complex Wind Farm in the district of Morrinhos - Guanambi \ Bahia. The study proposal was outlined through two methods of environmental impact assessment: interaction network and weighting matrix. Among the positive impacts highlighted can be cited the improvement of the living conditions of the landowners who are hired for renting the area. Another significant positive impact was the generation of jobs in the installation and operation of the enterprise, as they suggest opportunities for local and regional services. It is also highlighted as a significant positive impact the increase of economic resources for the municipalities of the region given the increase in the collection of taxes and taxes. Thus, local society understands that wind energy production supports socioeconomic development. The production of wind energy, even as a renewable source, as any human activity also has negative impacts. The most significant negative impacts perceived by the community were: noise emission from operating towers; the rupture of the local landscape due to the installation of the set of aerogenerators that modify the natural landscape of the environment
Demand for electricity and its production and distribution systems are relevant to society, as it is associated with the development of nations. Currently many companies in the industry are emerging in our country, particularly in the Northeast, due to the environmental conditions for wind energy generation. Thus, like all anthropic actions, the use of winds to generate electricity has positive and negative impacts. In this sense, the proposal of this research was to carry out an integrated analysis of environmental aspects and impacts in the operation of the Alto Sertão Complex Wind Farm in the district of Morrinhos - Guanambi \ Bahia. The study proposal was outlined through two methods of environmental impact assessment: interaction network and weighting matrix. Among the positive impacts highlighted can be cited the improvement of the living conditions of the landowners who are hired for renting the area. Another significant positive impact was the generation of jobs in the installation and operation of the enterprise, as they suggest opportunities for local and regional services. It is also highlighted as a significant positive impact the increase of economic resources for the municipalities of the region given the increase in the collection of taxes and taxes. Thus, local society understands that wind energy production supports socioeconomic development. The production of wind energy, even as a renewable source, as any human activity also has negative impacts. The most significant negative impacts perceived by the community were: noise emission from operating towers; the rupture of the local landscape due to the installation of the set of aerogenerators that modify the natural landscape of the environment
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Palavras-chave
Energia eólica, Avaliação de impacto, Rede de interação, Matriz de ponderação, Wind Energy, Environmental assessment, Interaction network, Weighting matrix