Desafios e perspectivas da energia solar fotovoltaica no Brasil: geração distribuída vs geração centralizada
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Data
2019-01-31
Autores
Pereira, Narlon Xavier
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nos últimos anos a energia solar fotovoltaica tem mostrado forte crescimento dentre as fontes renováveis em várias partes do mundo. O Brasil vem discutindo mais intensamente desde 2012 formas de incentivo para a inserção da energia solar fotovoltaica bem como a adequação do modelo centralizado e distribuído na matriz elétrica nacional. Para contribuir com esta discussão, neste trabalho foi realizado um levantamanto de informações a respeito destes dois modelos a partir de consultas à livros, artigos, periódicos, sites e reportagens. Os resultados dessas pesquisas foram agrupados e consolidados em gráficos, tabelas e quadros que permitiram a avaliação das perspectivas da energia solar fotovoltaica no Brasil, identificando os principais aspectos dos dois modelos de geração, levando-se em consideração suas características distintas e relacionadas à geração, distribuição e consumo salientando-se as vantagens e desvantagens segundo critérios ambientais, econômicos; sociais e técnicos. As análises dos materiais constituintes da pesquisa denotam que, no caso do Brasil, os dois modelos progridem de maneira complementar, porém necessitam de políticas governamentais mais eficazes para as suas implementações de forma ampla e significativa na matriz energética nacional.
In recent years solar photovoltaic energy has shown strong growth among renewable sources in various parts of the World. Brazil has been discussing more intensively since 2012 incentive forms for the insertion of photovoltaic solar energy as well as the adequacy of the centralized and distributed models in the national electric matrix. In order to contribute to this discussion, in this work a survey of information on these two models was made based on books, articles, periodicals, websites and reports. The results of these surveys were grouped and consolidated in graphs and tables that allowed the evaluation of the perspectives of photovoltaic solar energy in Brazil, identifying the main aspects of the two generation models, taking into account their distinct characteristics related to generation, distribution and consumption, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages according to environmental, economic, social and technical aspects. The analyzes show that, in the case of Brazil, the two models are complementary, but they need more effective government policies for their implementations in a large and significant way in the national energy matrix.
In recent years solar photovoltaic energy has shown strong growth among renewable sources in various parts of the World. Brazil has been discussing more intensively since 2012 incentive forms for the insertion of photovoltaic solar energy as well as the adequacy of the centralized and distributed models in the national electric matrix. In order to contribute to this discussion, in this work a survey of information on these two models was made based on books, articles, periodicals, websites and reports. The results of these surveys were grouped and consolidated in graphs and tables that allowed the evaluation of the perspectives of photovoltaic solar energy in Brazil, identifying the main aspects of the two generation models, taking into account their distinct characteristics related to generation, distribution and consumption, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages according to environmental, economic, social and technical aspects. The analyzes show that, in the case of Brazil, the two models are complementary, but they need more effective government policies for their implementations in a large and significant way in the national energy matrix.
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Energia fotovoltaica, Geração distribuída, Geração centralizada, Photovoltaic energy, Distributed generation, Centralized generation