Nível tecnológico e investimentos na produção de hortaliças em sistemas hidropônicos nas regiões oeste e noroeste do estado de São Paulo
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Data
2019-02-22
Autores
Oliveira, Giovane de Souza
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A expansão no número de unidades produtoras que utilizam o sistema hidropônico, bem como, a evolução da sua participação no montante de hortaliças produzidas, incentivam novos produtores como forma alternativa de cultivo no oeste e noroeste paulista. Assim, objetivou com este estudo avaliar o nível tecnológico e os investimentos necessários para a produção hidropônica de hortaliças na região extremo oeste e noroeste do estado de São Paulo, através de dados obtidos via pesquisa do tipo descritiva e exploratória por meio de entrevistas com os produtores comerciais dessas regiões. O referencial teórico baseou-se em revisão de literatura a respeito da importância desse método de cultivo para a integração e a proximidade de áreas produtivas para o interior de cidades e a viabilidade embutida nesse método. A metodologia empregada baseia-se na construção de índices tecnológicos que classificam e os avaliam em padrões (A, B, C e D) os produtores de acordo com a produção segmentada em três principais componentes: Pré-plantio; Plantio e manejo; Pós-colheita e gestão e identificar alguns comportamentos e desafios enfrentados pelos produtores ao utilizar o cultivo sem o uso de solo. Também foi realizada uma análise econômica de uma empresa tomada como exemplo, da cidade de Ilha Solteira/SP, na qual foram obtidos coeficientes técnicos relativos à demanda de fatores de produção de materiais permanentes. Foram calculados os custos de produção e fez-se a avaliação da viabilidade econômica do projeto; no qual calculou-se os custos de produção (Custo Operacional Efetivo, Custo Operacional Total e Custo Unitário). O investimento mostra-se bastante atrativo, com a Taxa interna de retorno foi de 77%, o Valor Presente Líquido foi de R$ 16.943,06 e o Payback com um pouco mais de 2 anos, sinalizando que é rápida a amortização do investimento. A pesquisa expõe também que mesmo possuindo manejo semelhante para realizar o seu cultivo há ainda algumas diferenças presentes entre o nível tecnológico dos produtores que optam por terceirizar parte da sua produção pela falta de espaço presente na sua área.
The expansion in the number of units that use the hydroponic system, as well as the evolution of their share in the amount of vegetables produced, encourage new producers as an alternative form of cultivation in the western and northwestern paulista, thus, it objectified with this study was to evaluate the technological level and investments required for the hydroponic production of vegetables in the western and northwestern region of the state of São Paulo, through data obtained through descriptive and exploratory research through interviews with the commercial producers of these regions. The consulted literature based on a review about the importance of this method of cultivation for the integration and proximity of productive areas to the interior of cities and the viability built into this method. The methodology used is based on the construction of technological indexes that classify and evaluate them in the (A, B, C and D) the producers according to the segmented production in three main components: Pre-planting; Planting and management; Post-harvest and management and to identify some behaviors and challenges faced by the producers when using the cultivation without the use of soil. Also, an economic analysis of a company is taken as an example, of the city of Ilha Solteira / SP, were obtained technical coefficients related to the demand for factors of production of permanent materials. The production costs were calculated, and the economic feasibility of the project was evaluated; where the production costs were calculated (Effective Operational Cost, Total Operating Cost and Unit Cost). The investment was very attractive, with the Internal Rate of Return being 77%, Net Present Value was R$ 169.943,06 and Payback with a little more than 2 years, signaling that it is amortization of the investment. The research also shows that even having a similar management to carry out their cultivation there are still some differences present between the technological level of the producers who choose to outsource part of their production due to the lack of space present in their area.
The expansion in the number of units that use the hydroponic system, as well as the evolution of their share in the amount of vegetables produced, encourage new producers as an alternative form of cultivation in the western and northwestern paulista, thus, it objectified with this study was to evaluate the technological level and investments required for the hydroponic production of vegetables in the western and northwestern region of the state of São Paulo, through data obtained through descriptive and exploratory research through interviews with the commercial producers of these regions. The consulted literature based on a review about the importance of this method of cultivation for the integration and proximity of productive areas to the interior of cities and the viability built into this method. The methodology used is based on the construction of technological indexes that classify and evaluate them in the (A, B, C and D) the producers according to the segmented production in three main components: Pre-planting; Planting and management; Post-harvest and management and to identify some behaviors and challenges faced by the producers when using the cultivation without the use of soil. Also, an economic analysis of a company is taken as an example, of the city of Ilha Solteira / SP, were obtained technical coefficients related to the demand for factors of production of permanent materials. The production costs were calculated, and the economic feasibility of the project was evaluated; where the production costs were calculated (Effective Operational Cost, Total Operating Cost and Unit Cost). The investment was very attractive, with the Internal Rate of Return being 77%, Net Present Value was R$ 169.943,06 and Payback with a little more than 2 years, signaling that it is amortization of the investment. The research also shows that even having a similar management to carry out their cultivation there are still some differences present between the technological level of the producers who choose to outsource part of their production due to the lack of space present in their area.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Horta, Viabilidade, Tecnologia, Garden, Feasibility, Technology