Melaço de soja na terminação e metabolismo de ovinos em confinamento
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Data
2019-03-22
Autores
Pereira Junior, Sérgio Antonio Garcia
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a substituição parcial ou total do milho triturado por melaço de soja sobre desempenho, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne em cordeiros cruzados, assim como parâmetros ruminais, degradabilidade in situ, produção de gás e digestibilidade in vitro de carneiros cruzados. Os tratamentos consistiram em crescentes inclusões de melaço de soja na base seca da dieta (CON – 0 g/kg de melaço de soja na base seca; M150 – 150 g/kg de melaço de soja na base seca e M300 – 300 g/kg de melaço de soja na base seca). No M300 a substituição do milho triturado foi total. A dieta era composta por 400 g/kg na base seca de silagem de milho e 600 g/kg na base seca de concentrado. Para o ensaio de desempenho, foram utilizados 30 cordeiros cruzados Santa Inês × Dorper (16,8 ± 2,2 kg, três meses de idade) distribuídos em delineamento de blocos casualizados de acordo com peso corporal inicial. Durante os 70 dias de confinamento foram avaliados os consumos de MS e de nutrientes, bem como o GMD, EA além dos parâmetros de carcaça e qualidade de carne. A inclusão do melaço de soja na dieta dos cordeiros evidenciou efeito quadrático, com maiores valores médios para o M150, no CMS (P < 0,01), CMO (P = 0,02), CFDN (P = 0,01), CPB (P < 0,01) e CEE (P < 0,01). Enquanto sobre a EA houve redução linear (P < 0,01). A adição do subproduto melhorou a qualidade da carne dos cordeiros, reduzindo linearmente a força de cisalhamento (P = 0,02) e aumentando a gordura intramuscular (P < 0,01) do músculo Longissimus thoracis. Consequentemente, o perfil de ácidos graxos na carne teve o mesmo comportamento da gordura intramuscular, à medida que aumentou a inclusão do melaço de soja na dieta, os ácidos graxos saturados, monoinsaturados e poli-insaturados totais foram aumentados linearmente (P < 0,01; P < 0,01 e P = 0,05, respetivamente). No ensaio de metabolismo, foram utilizados nove carneiros dotados de cânulas permanentes no rúmen, distribuídos em quadrado latino 3 × 3 triplo para avaliação dos parâmetros ruminais de pH, AGCC, N-amoniacal, degradabilidade in situ, produção de gás e digestibilidade in vitro. A inclusão do melaço de soja aumentou a digestibilidade in vitro da MS (Linear, P < 0,01) e a sua inclusão em 150 g/kg na base seca otimizou a digestibilidade in vitro da fibra (Quadrático, P < 0,01). O pH aumentou linearmente (P = 0.02) assim como a proporção de ácido butírico (P = 0,05), enquanto a amônia ruminal diminuiu linearmente (P < 0,01). Sobre os parâmetros de degradabilidade, a inclusão crescente do melaço de soja aumentou de forma linear as frações “a + b” da MS e PB (P < 0,01 e P < 0,01, respectivamente), a taxa de degradação da PB (Quadrático, P < 0,01) e DE5% da FDN (Quadrático, P < 0,01). A inclusão do melaço de soja em até 300 g/kg na base seca da dieta embora tenha reduzido a eficiência alimentar dos cordeiros melhorou a qualidade da carne destes animais, proporcionando uma carne mais macia e com maior conteúdo de gordura intramuscular. Já sobre os parâmetros ruminais a inclusão do subproduto não afetou negativamente o metabolismo dos ovinos e, evidenciou melhoras no pH e digestibilidade in vitro, demonstrando ser um alimento energético alternativo na alimentação de ovinos.
The objective with this study was to evaluate the partial or total replacement of corn meal by soybean molasses on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in crossbred lambs, as well as ruminal parameters, in situ degradability, gas production and in vitro digestibility sheep crossbred. The treatments consisted of increasing inclusions of soybean molasses on the dry basis of the diet (CON - 0 g/kg of soybean molasses on the dry basis, M150 - 150 g/kg of soybean molasses on dry basis and M300 - 300 g/kg of soybean molasses on dry basis). In the M300 the replacement of corn meal was total. The diet was composed of 400 g/kg in dry base of corn silage and 600 g/kg in dry base of concentrate. For the performance essay, 30 Santa Inês × Dorper crossbred lambs (16.8 ± 2.2 kg, three months of age) were distributed in a randomized complete block design according to initial body weight. During the 70 days of feedlot, the DM and nutrient intakes were evaluated, as well as ADG, G:F in addition to the carcass and meat quality parameters. The inclusion of soybean molasses in the diet of the lambs showed a quadratic effect, with higher mean values for M150, DMI (P < 0.01), OMI (P = 0.02), NDFI (P = 0.01), CPI (P < 0.01) and EEI (P < 0.01). While on the G:F there was linear reduction (P < 0.01). The addition of the byproduct improved the lamb meat quality by linearly reducing shear force (P = 0.02) and increasing the intramuscular fat (P < 0.01) of the Longissimus thoracis muscle. Consequently, the fatty acid profile in the meat had the same behavior as the intramuscular fat, as the inclusion of soybean molasses in the diet increased, saturated, monounsaturated and total polyunsaturated fatty acids were linearly increased (P < 0.01; P < 0.01 and P = 0.05, respectively). In the metabolism essay, nine sheep with permanent cannulae in the rumen were used, distributed in 3 x 3 triple Latin square to evaluate ruminal parameters of pH, VFA, N-amoniacal, in situ degradability, gas production and in vitro digestibility. The inclusion of soybean molasses increased the in vitro digestibility of DM (Linear, P < 0.01) and its inclusion in 150 g/kg in dry base optimized the fiber in vitro digestibility (Quadratic, P < 0.01). The pH increased linearly (P = 0.02) as well as the proportion of butyric acid (P = 0.05), while ruminal ammonia decreased linearly (P < 0.01). On the degradability parameters, the increasing inclusion of soybean molasses linearly increased the "a + b" fractions of DM and CP (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively), the degradation rate of CP (Quadratic, P < 0.01) and ED5% of the NDF (Quadratic, P < 0.01). The inclusion of soybean molasses up to 300 g/kg on dry basis of the diet, although reducing the feed efficiency of lambs, improved the meat quality of these animals, providing a tenderness meat with a higher intramuscular fat content. On the ruminal parameters, the inclusion of the byproduct did not negatively affect the metabolism of the sheep and, evidenced improvements in pH and in vitro digestibility, proving to be an alternative energetic food in the feeding of sheep.
The objective with this study was to evaluate the partial or total replacement of corn meal by soybean molasses on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in crossbred lambs, as well as ruminal parameters, in situ degradability, gas production and in vitro digestibility sheep crossbred. The treatments consisted of increasing inclusions of soybean molasses on the dry basis of the diet (CON - 0 g/kg of soybean molasses on the dry basis, M150 - 150 g/kg of soybean molasses on dry basis and M300 - 300 g/kg of soybean molasses on dry basis). In the M300 the replacement of corn meal was total. The diet was composed of 400 g/kg in dry base of corn silage and 600 g/kg in dry base of concentrate. For the performance essay, 30 Santa Inês × Dorper crossbred lambs (16.8 ± 2.2 kg, three months of age) were distributed in a randomized complete block design according to initial body weight. During the 70 days of feedlot, the DM and nutrient intakes were evaluated, as well as ADG, G:F in addition to the carcass and meat quality parameters. The inclusion of soybean molasses in the diet of the lambs showed a quadratic effect, with higher mean values for M150, DMI (P < 0.01), OMI (P = 0.02), NDFI (P = 0.01), CPI (P < 0.01) and EEI (P < 0.01). While on the G:F there was linear reduction (P < 0.01). The addition of the byproduct improved the lamb meat quality by linearly reducing shear force (P = 0.02) and increasing the intramuscular fat (P < 0.01) of the Longissimus thoracis muscle. Consequently, the fatty acid profile in the meat had the same behavior as the intramuscular fat, as the inclusion of soybean molasses in the diet increased, saturated, monounsaturated and total polyunsaturated fatty acids were linearly increased (P < 0.01; P < 0.01 and P = 0.05, respectively). In the metabolism essay, nine sheep with permanent cannulae in the rumen were used, distributed in 3 x 3 triple Latin square to evaluate ruminal parameters of pH, VFA, N-amoniacal, in situ degradability, gas production and in vitro digestibility. The inclusion of soybean molasses increased the in vitro digestibility of DM (Linear, P < 0.01) and its inclusion in 150 g/kg in dry base optimized the fiber in vitro digestibility (Quadratic, P < 0.01). The pH increased linearly (P = 0.02) as well as the proportion of butyric acid (P = 0.05), while ruminal ammonia decreased linearly (P < 0.01). On the degradability parameters, the increasing inclusion of soybean molasses linearly increased the "a + b" fractions of DM and CP (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively), the degradation rate of CP (Quadratic, P < 0.01) and ED5% of the NDF (Quadratic, P < 0.01). The inclusion of soybean molasses up to 300 g/kg on dry basis of the diet, although reducing the feed efficiency of lambs, improved the meat quality of these animals, providing a tenderness meat with a higher intramuscular fat content. On the ruminal parameters, the inclusion of the byproduct did not negatively affect the metabolism of the sheep and, evidenced improvements in pH and in vitro digestibility, proving to be an alternative energetic food in the feeding of sheep.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Açúcar, Metabolismo, Qualidade de carne, Subproduto, Byproduct, Meat quality, Metabolism, Sugar