Trabalho e barganha coletiva: uma abordagem commonsiana sobre o sindicalismo brasileiro
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Data
2019-02-27
Autores
Jeronimo, Rodrigo Constantino [UNES]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
John Rogers Commons foi um dos economistas mais proeminentes dos Estados Unidos no final do século XIX e início do século XX. Pioneiro no estudo do que veio a ser chamado de “Economia do Trabalho”, foi defensor do fortalecimento da legislação trabalhista, da representação sindical e da regulamentação do conflito entre capital e trabalho, desempenhando papel importante no reformismo social que caracterizou os EUA nas primeiras três décadas do séc. XX. Na concepção Commonsiana, o conflito produzido pela escassez é uma condição inerente ao capitalismo moderno, de modo que a busca de resoluções para esses momentos de atrito entre interesses divergentes é realizada pela seleção das práticas razoáveis capazes de estabilizar momentaneamente o conflito. Com isso, as instituições artificialmente selecionadas resultam da evolução das práticas econômicas de interação entre going concerns na sociedade. Em sua visão, o sindicato surge como instituição fundamental para a equalização do poder econômico dos trabalhadores frente ao capital no processo de negociação para manutenção e conquista de leis capazes de estabilizar suas expectativas, reconhecendo o papel da ação coletiva para tal objetivo. O sindicato Commonsiano deveria ser um agente ativo na regulação do capitalismo Razoável, que, incapaz de transcender o conflito de classes, garantisse o interesse dos trabalhadores sem interferência política ou patronal e que fosse capaz de negociar sem a necessidade de tutela Estatal. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo explorar, a partir da abordagem teórica do institucionalismo Commonsiano, as mudanças institucionais sobre os sindicatos e os direitos trabalhistas no Brasil em dois recortes temporais, a saber, a Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho da Era Vargas e a Reforma Trabalhista de 2017. Deste modo, buscamos compreender o papel dos sindicatos no conflito entre capital e trabalho no contexto nacional e as leis trabalhistas como regras de operação da ação coletiva capazes de moldar o papel tais organizações no conflito capitalista.
John Rogers Commons was one of the most prominent economists in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A pioneer in the study of what has come to be known as "Labor Economics", he advocated strengthening labor legislation, union representation, and regulation of the conflict between capital and labor, playing an important role in social reformism that characterized the US in the first three decades of the 1900’s. In the Commonsian conception, the conflict produced by scarcity is an inherent condition of modern capitalism, so that the search for resolutions to these moments of friction between divergent interests is accomplished by the selection of reasonable practices capable of temporarily stabilizing the conflict. Thus, the artificially selected institutions result from the evolution of economic practices in the interaction between going concerns. From Commons’ perspective, the union appears as a fundamental institution for the equalization of the economic power of the workers facing capital in the process of negotiation for the maintenance and conquest of laws capable of stabilizing their expectations, recognizing the role of collective action for that purpose. The Commonsian union should be an active agent in the regulation of reasonable capitalism, which, incapable of transcending class conflict, guaranteed the interest of the workers without political or employer interference, being able to negotiate without the need for State tutelage. The present study aims to explore, from the theoretical approach of Commonsian institutionalism, the institutional changes on trade unions and labor rights in Brazil in two temporal cuts, namely, the Consolidation of Labor Laws during the Vargas Era and the Labor Reform of 2017. Thus, we seek to understand the role of unions in the conflict between capital and labor considering labor laws as working rules resulting of historical and social context capable of shaping such institutions
John Rogers Commons was one of the most prominent economists in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A pioneer in the study of what has come to be known as "Labor Economics", he advocated strengthening labor legislation, union representation, and regulation of the conflict between capital and labor, playing an important role in social reformism that characterized the US in the first three decades of the 1900’s. In the Commonsian conception, the conflict produced by scarcity is an inherent condition of modern capitalism, so that the search for resolutions to these moments of friction between divergent interests is accomplished by the selection of reasonable practices capable of temporarily stabilizing the conflict. Thus, the artificially selected institutions result from the evolution of economic practices in the interaction between going concerns. From Commons’ perspective, the union appears as a fundamental institution for the equalization of the economic power of the workers facing capital in the process of negotiation for the maintenance and conquest of laws capable of stabilizing their expectations, recognizing the role of collective action for that purpose. The Commonsian union should be an active agent in the regulation of reasonable capitalism, which, incapable of transcending class conflict, guaranteed the interest of the workers without political or employer interference, being able to negotiate without the need for State tutelage. The present study aims to explore, from the theoretical approach of Commonsian institutionalism, the institutional changes on trade unions and labor rights in Brazil in two temporal cuts, namely, the Consolidation of Labor Laws during the Vargas Era and the Labor Reform of 2017. Thus, we seek to understand the role of unions in the conflict between capital and labor considering labor laws as working rules resulting of historical and social context capable of shaping such institutions
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Palavras-chave
John R. Commons, Sindicalismo, Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, Barganha coletiva, Reforma trabalhista