Conhecimento dos riscos biológicos entre acadêmicos de enfermagem: da prevenção a conduta pós acidente
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Data
2019-03-01
Autores
Magri, Maristela Aparecida
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: Os riscos biológicos podem trazer prejuízos para saúde dos acadêmicos de enfermagem, pois na prática acadêmica estão expostos como os profissionais da área da saúde. Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento pelos acadêmicos da 4ª série em enfermagem, provenientes de Instituição de Ensino Superior pública e privada acerca dos riscos biológicos, medidas preventivas, tipos de exposições e conduta pós acidente envolvendo material biológico. Método: o estudo foi realizado em duas etapas: 1) pesquisa documental como estratégia para analisar os Planos de Ensino, analisados 78 PE, sendo 41 da IES pública e 37 da privada, entre outubro de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017; 2) estudo transversal, descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, participaram 42 acadêmicos da IES privada e 19 da pública, cursando a 4ª série, os quais responderam questionário, contendo questões relacionadas aos aspectos demográficos, experiência profissional prévia, e o conhecimento dos acadêmicos acerca dos riscos biológicos, medidas de prevenção, tipos de exposição e conduta pós acidente com material biológico, a coleta ocorreu nos meses de março e abril de 2017. Resultados: dos 78 PE analisados, a grande maioria não expressava o conteúdo sobre os riscos biológicos, medidas preventivas, tipos de exposição e conduta pós-exposição a material biológicos nas suas ementas, objetivo e conteúdo. Detectamos que os acadêmicos da IES pública sem formação previa de auxiliar ou técnico de enfermagem tem maior conhecimento sobre as práticas de risco. Os participantes do estudo afirmam que o EPI é destinado para a proteção do profissional. Referem bom grau de conhecimento de como identificar e controlar os riscos de acidentes envolvendo material biológico. Ao associar o conhecimento dos acadêmicos das duas IES ao tipo de exposição a material biológico com risco de transmissão ao HIV, HCV e HBC com as variáveis pele não integra, mucosa ocular, mucosa oral e pele integra identificou-se que não houve associação significativa entre essas variáveis. Para a higienização do local após acidentes percutâneos somente 30% dos acadêmicos da IES privada e 27,7% da pública usariam água/sabão/solução antisséptica degermante. Conclusão: O conhecimento sobre as práticas de risco envolvendo material biológico dos acadêmicos das duas IES é similar. O estudo trouxe contribuições para as escolas formadoras, os dados reforçaram a necessidade de manter e acentuar o ensino do tema em seus currículos, de forma longitudinal, para que ao final do curso o aluno esteja plenamente preparado e possa exercitar sua profissão de forma segura.
Introduction: Biological risks can cause health risks for nursing students, since in academic practice they are exposed as health professionals. Objective: to identify the knowledge about the biological risks, preventive measures, types of exposures and post-accident behavior involving biological material by the 4th grade students in nursing, from Public and Private Higher Education Institutions. Method: the study was carried out in two stages: 1) documentary research as a strategy to analyze the Education Plans, analyzed 78 PE, 41 of the public HEI and 37 of the private one, between October 2016 and February 2017; 2) a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach, 42 students from the private HEI and 19 from the public attended the 4th grade, who answered a questionnaire, containing questions related to the demographic aspects, previous professional experience, and academic knowledge about the risks biological measurements, prevention measures, types of exposure and conduct after accidents with biological material, collection occurred in March and April 2017. Results: We analyzed 78 PE and the majority of which did not express the content of the biological risks, preventive measures, types of exposure and post-exposure behavior to biological material in their menus, purpose and content. We have detected that the academics of public HEI without previous training of auxiliary or nursing technician have greater knowledge about the practices of risk. The study participants state that PPE is intended for professional protection. They refer to a good degree of knowledge on how to identify and control the risks of accidents involving biological material. By associating the knowledge of the academics of the two HEI to the type of exposure to biological material with risk of transmission to HIV, HCV and HBC with the variables non-integrating skin, ocular mucosa, oral mucosa and integrated skin, it was identified that there was no significant association between these variables. For sanitization of the site after percutaneous accidents only 30% of the academics of the private HEI and 27.7% of the public would use water / soap / antiseptic degermante solution. Conclusion: The knowledge about the risk practices involving biological material of the academics of the two HEIs is similar. The study brought contributions to the training schools, the data reinforced the need to maintain and emphasize the teaching of the theme in their curricula, in a longitudinal way, so that at the end of the course the student is fully prepared and can practice their profession in a safe way.
Introduction: Biological risks can cause health risks for nursing students, since in academic practice they are exposed as health professionals. Objective: to identify the knowledge about the biological risks, preventive measures, types of exposures and post-accident behavior involving biological material by the 4th grade students in nursing, from Public and Private Higher Education Institutions. Method: the study was carried out in two stages: 1) documentary research as a strategy to analyze the Education Plans, analyzed 78 PE, 41 of the public HEI and 37 of the private one, between October 2016 and February 2017; 2) a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach, 42 students from the private HEI and 19 from the public attended the 4th grade, who answered a questionnaire, containing questions related to the demographic aspects, previous professional experience, and academic knowledge about the risks biological measurements, prevention measures, types of exposure and conduct after accidents with biological material, collection occurred in March and April 2017. Results: We analyzed 78 PE and the majority of which did not express the content of the biological risks, preventive measures, types of exposure and post-exposure behavior to biological material in their menus, purpose and content. We have detected that the academics of public HEI without previous training of auxiliary or nursing technician have greater knowledge about the practices of risk. The study participants state that PPE is intended for professional protection. They refer to a good degree of knowledge on how to identify and control the risks of accidents involving biological material. By associating the knowledge of the academics of the two HEI to the type of exposure to biological material with risk of transmission to HIV, HCV and HBC with the variables non-integrating skin, ocular mucosa, oral mucosa and integrated skin, it was identified that there was no significant association between these variables. For sanitization of the site after percutaneous accidents only 30% of the academics of the private HEI and 27.7% of the public would use water / soap / antiseptic degermante solution. Conclusion: The knowledge about the risk practices involving biological material of the academics of the two HEIs is similar. The study brought contributions to the training schools, the data reinforced the need to maintain and emphasize the teaching of the theme in their curricula, in a longitudinal way, so that at the end of the course the student is fully prepared and can practice their profession in a safe way.
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Palavras-chave
Estudantes de enfermagem, Educação Superior, Conhecimento, Riscos biológicos, Nursing students, College education, Knowledge, Biological risks