Condição da saúde bucal de pessoas com deficiência visual : análise da percepção, do acesso e da satisfação em relação aos serviços de saúde bucal
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Data
2019-02-26
Autores
Ortega, Mariana Martins [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
De acordo com o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), no Brasil, existem mais de 6,5 milhões de pessoas com deficiência visual, sendo 582 mil cegas e 6 milhões com baixa visão, segundo dados da fundação, com base no Censo 2010. Apesar da prevalência alta de deficiência visual, há pouca informação disponível sobre os cuidados de saúde bucal e as necessidades desses indivíduos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a percepção e a condição de saúde bucal das pessoas com deficiência visual, bem como o acesso e a satisfação delas em relação aos serviços de saúde bucal. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, de caráter transversal, realizado com pessoas com deficiência visual de um Instituto para cegos. Foi utilizado um questionário semiestruturado com perguntas abertas e fechadas sobre o tema. As variáveis pesquisadas foram: gênero, tipo de deficiência visual, tempo dessa deficiência, condição socioeconômica, percepção (OHIP-14) e condição da saúde bucal (CPOD), acesso e satisfação em relação aos serviços de saúde bucal. A análise de dados foi descritiva, sob a forma de frequência relativa, absoluta e analítica. Foi realizada a comparação entre variáveis categóricas por meio dos testes Qui-quadrado, teste Exato de Fisher, com nível de significância de 5%. Entre os resultados desta pesquisa, pode-se notar que, do total de pesquisados (n=72), 65,3% eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 34,6 ± 20,8 anos; metade possuía cegueira total. Quando perguntados sobre a necessidade de ir ao dentista, 66,7% responderam afirmativamente, e essa necessidade teve associação com a percepção da saúde bucal (p=0.024). Em relação ao impacto gerado na qualidade de vida do indivíduo, de acordo com as dimensões avaliadas, para a variável “percepção”, foram comparados os grupos cegueira total e baixa visão, em que a dimensão do desconforto psicológico foi estatisticamente significante (p=0.0008). Já em relação ao CPOD, foram encontrados valores estatisticamente significativos para a dimensão limitação funcional (p=0.0071). Foi encontrado um CPOD médio total de 12,8 para essa faixa etária. No que diz respeito ao acesso aos serviços de saúde bucal, 56,9% dos entrevistados relataram que a última visita ao dentista foi há menos de um ano. Destaca-se, também, que a maioria (84,3%) classificou o tratamento da última consulta como bom ou muito bom. O acesso aos serviços de saúde ocorreu tanto no serviço público quanto no privado, independentemente da classe econômica do pesquisado (p=0,174). Com isso, foi possível concluir que a percepção das pessoas com deficiência visual em relação à sua saúde bucal é boa e que a sua condição bucal está de acordo com a média da população brasileira, porém, essa média ainda é alta, de modo que são necessárias mais ações de promoção em saúde bucal para a melhora da condição bucal das pessoas com deficiência visual e da população em geral. Além disso, é importante observar que, ainda que as pessoas com deficiência visual estejam satisfeitas com os serviços de saúde bucal, elas encontram dificuldades quanto à acessibilidade. Sendo assim, são necessárias maiores políticas de inclusão e acesso para essas pessoas, a fim de que elas continuem cuidando da sua saúde bucal.
According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in Brazil, there are more than 6.5 million people with visual impairment, 582,000 blind and 6 million with low vision, according to the foundation's data, based on the Census 2010. Despite the high prevalence of visual impairment, there is little information available on oral health care and the needs of these individuals. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the perception and the oral health condition of people with visual impairment, as well as their access and satisfaction regarding oral health services. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study of visually impaired people at an Institute for the Blind. A semi-structured questionnaire was used with open and closed questions on the subject. The variables studied were: gender, type of visual impairment, time of this deficiency, socioeconomic condition, perception (OHIP-14) and oral health condition (DMFT), access and satisfaction regarding oral health services. The data analysis was descriptive, in the form of relative, absolute and analytical frequency. The categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, with a significance level of 5%. Among the results of this research, it can be noted that, of the total number of respondents (n = 72), 65.3% were males, with a mean age of 34.6 ± 20.8 years; half had total blindness. When asked about the need to go to the dentist, 66.7% answered affirmatively, and this need was associated with the perception of oral health (p = 0.024). In relation to the impact generated in the quality of life of the individual, according to the dimensions assessed, for the variable "perception", the groups were compared total blindness and low vision, in which the dimension of the psychological discomfort was statistically significant (p = 0.0008). Regarding the DMFT, statistically significant values were found for the dimension functional limitation (p = 0.0071). A total mean DMFT of 12.8 was found for this age group. Regarding access to oral health services, 56.9% of the interviewees reported that their last visit to the dentist was less than a year ago. It is also noted that the majority (84.3%) classified the treatment of the last visit as good or very good. Access to health services occurred in both the public and private services, regardless of the economic class of the respondent (p = 0.174). With this, it was possible to conclude that the perception of people with visual impairment in relation to their oral health is good and that their oral condition is in agreement with the average Brazilian population, but this average is still high, so that they are more oral health promotion actions are needed to improve the oral condition of the visually impaired and the general population. In addition, it is important to note that although people with visual impairments are satisfied with oral health services, they find accessibility difficulties difficult. Therefore, greater inclusion and access policies are necessary for these people, so that they continue to take care of their oral health.
According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in Brazil, there are more than 6.5 million people with visual impairment, 582,000 blind and 6 million with low vision, according to the foundation's data, based on the Census 2010. Despite the high prevalence of visual impairment, there is little information available on oral health care and the needs of these individuals. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the perception and the oral health condition of people with visual impairment, as well as their access and satisfaction regarding oral health services. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study of visually impaired people at an Institute for the Blind. A semi-structured questionnaire was used with open and closed questions on the subject. The variables studied were: gender, type of visual impairment, time of this deficiency, socioeconomic condition, perception (OHIP-14) and oral health condition (DMFT), access and satisfaction regarding oral health services. The data analysis was descriptive, in the form of relative, absolute and analytical frequency. The categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, with a significance level of 5%. Among the results of this research, it can be noted that, of the total number of respondents (n = 72), 65.3% were males, with a mean age of 34.6 ± 20.8 years; half had total blindness. When asked about the need to go to the dentist, 66.7% answered affirmatively, and this need was associated with the perception of oral health (p = 0.024). In relation to the impact generated in the quality of life of the individual, according to the dimensions assessed, for the variable "perception", the groups were compared total blindness and low vision, in which the dimension of the psychological discomfort was statistically significant (p = 0.0008). Regarding the DMFT, statistically significant values were found for the dimension functional limitation (p = 0.0071). A total mean DMFT of 12.8 was found for this age group. Regarding access to oral health services, 56.9% of the interviewees reported that their last visit to the dentist was less than a year ago. It is also noted that the majority (84.3%) classified the treatment of the last visit as good or very good. Access to health services occurred in both the public and private services, regardless of the economic class of the respondent (p = 0.174). With this, it was possible to conclude that the perception of people with visual impairment in relation to their oral health is good and that their oral condition is in agreement with the average Brazilian population, but this average is still high, so that they are more oral health promotion actions are needed to improve the oral condition of the visually impaired and the general population. In addition, it is important to note that although people with visual impairments are satisfied with oral health services, they find accessibility difficulties difficult. Therefore, greater inclusion and access policies are necessary for these people, so that they continue to take care of their oral health.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saúde bucal, Pessoas com deficiência visual , Índice CPO, Acesso aos serviços de saúde. , Oral health, Visually impaired persons, DMF index, Health services accessibility.