Prebióticos em substituição à antimicrobiano em dietas de leitões recém-desmamados
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Data
2019-03-18
Autores
Alvarenga, Patrícia Versuti Arantes [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar combinações dos prebióticos mananoligossacarídeo, β-glucano, frutoligossacarídeo e galactoligossacarídeo, em substituição ao antimicrobiano halquinol, em dietas de leitões recém-desmamados, sobre o desempenho, incidência de diarreia, saúde intestinal, parâmetros hematológicos e imunológicos. Foram realizados três experimentos, utilizando o total de 200 leitões recémdesmamados com idade média de 21 dias, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e oito repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos: CON = dieta basal (DB) + 120 ppm de halquinol; Mβ = DB + MOS e β-glucano (3,0 kg/t); F9G1 = DB + MOS e β-glucano (2,0 kg/t) + FOS e GOS (1,0 kg/t) (relação FOS:GOS 9:1); F7G3 = DB + MOS e β-glucano (2,0 kg/t) + FOS e GOS (1,0 kg/t) (relação FOS:GOS 7:3); F5G5 = DB + MOS e β-glucano (2,0 kg/t) + FOS e GOS (1,0 kg/t) (relação FOS:GOS 5:5). No período de 0-15d, os animais dos tratamentos CON e F9G1, apresentaram melhor (P<0,05) conversão alimentar (CA) que os animais do tratamento Mβ. No período de 0-28d, os animas do tratamento F9G1 apresentaram tendência de melhor (P<0,10) CA. No período de 0-41d, os animais do tratamento CON apresentaram melhor (P<0,05) CA em comparação aos animais do F7G3, não diferindo dos demais tratamentos. Ao 14º dia experimental, 40 leitões foram abatidos para coleta de amostras, e outros 40 leitões receberam injeção via intramuscular de lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) de Escherichia coli (O55:B5). Para as variáveis de morfometria, no duodeno, houve maior (P<0,05) altura de vilos (AV) nos animais dos tratamentos CON, Mβ e F9G1 em relação aos animais do tratamento F7G3 e também maior (P<0,05) área de superfície de vilos (AS) nos animais dos tratamentos Mβ e F9G1 em relação aos animais do F7G3. No jejuno, houve maior (P<0,05) relação altura de vilos:profundidade de criptas (AV:PC) nos animais que receberam CON comparados aos animais do tratamento F7G3. Para o hemograma, após o desafio, houve redução (P<0,05) na contagem de eritrócitos, hemoglobina e hematócrito nos animais do grupo F9G1, porém, aumento (P>0,05) da concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média, comparando com o momento anterior ao desafio. Todas as variáveis do leucograma foram reduzidas (P<0,05) após o desafio, para todos os tratamentos. Antes do desafio, os leitões que receberam o tratamento CON apresentaram maior (P<0,05) contagem de neutrófilos segmentados comparada com os leitões do grupo F5G5. Com relação à explosão respiratória, após desafio com LPS, somente os animais do tratamento F9G1 aumentaram (P<0,05) a produção de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), e somente os animais dos grupos F9G1 e CON mantiveram (P>0,05) a produção de óxido nítrico (NO), com relação ao momento anterior ao desafio. Houve aumento (P<0,05) na produção de proteína C-reativa (PC) nos leitões dos grupos CON, Mβ e F9G1, comparando os momentos antes e após desafio. Conclui-se que leitões alimentados com dietas contendo a combinação de prebióticos na proporção 0,20% de MOS e β-glucano, 0,09% de FOS e 0,01% de GOS (F9G1) apresentaram melhorias sobre o desempenho e saúde dos animais, de forma semelhante ou melhorada ao uso do antimicrobiano halquinol.
The aim of this work was to evaluate prebiotic combinations of mannanigosaccharide, β-glucan, fructoligosaccharide and galactoligosaccharide, in substituin to antimicrobial halquinol, in diets of weanling pigs, on the performance, diarrhea incidence, intestinal health, hematological and immunological parameters. It were carried out three experiments, using a total of 200 weanling pigs, 21 d-old in average, distributed in a completely randomized block design with five treatments and eight replicates. The treatments were: CON = basal diet (BD) + 120 ppm of halquinol; Mβ = BD + MOS and β-glucan (3.0 kg/t); F9G1 = BD + MOS and β-glucan (2.0 kg/t) + FOS and GOS (1.0 kg/t) (FOS: GOS ratio 9:1); F7G3 = BD + MOS and β-glucan (2.0 kg/t) + FOS and GOS (1.0 kg/t) (FOS: GOS ratio 7:3); F5G5 = BD + MOS and β-glucan (2.0 kg/t) + FOS and GOS (1.0 kg/t) (FOS:GOS ratio 5:5). In the period of 0-15d, the animals of CON and F9G1 treatments presented better (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the animals of Mβ treatment. In the period of 0-28d, the animals from F9G1 treatment tended to improve (P<0.10) FCR. In the period of 0-41d, animals fed CON treatment showed better (P<0.05) FCR compared to the animals fed F7G3, not differing from the other treatments. On the 14th experimental day, 40 piglets were slaughtered to collect samples, and others 40 piglets received intramuscular injection of Escherichia coli LPS (O55:B5). For morphometric variables, in the duodenum, there was higher (P<0.05) villus height (VH) in animals fed CON, Mβ and F9G1 treatments compared to those of F7G3 and also higher (P<0.05) villus surface area (SA) for the animals fed Mβ and F9G1 compared to animals of those of F7G3. In the jejunum, there was a higher (P<0.05) villus height crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) in the animals fed CON compared to the animals from F7G3 treatment. For blood count, after challenge, there was a reduction (P<0.05) for the erythrocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit counts in F9G1 group, but also an increase (P>0.05) in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, compared to period prior challenge. All leukogram variables were reduced (P<0.05), after challenge, for all treatments. Prior to challenge, piglets from CON group had higher (P<0.05) segmented neutrophil counts compared to piglets of F5G5 group. Regarding the respiratory burst, after challenge with LPS, only F9G1 animals increased (P<0.05) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, and only animals fed F9G1 and CON kept (P> 0.05) nitric oxide (NO) production, compared to the moment before challenge. There was an increase (P<0.05) in the production of C-reactive protein (CP) in the piglets of the CON, Mβ and F9G1 groups, comparing the moments before and after LPS application. It is concluded that piglets fed diets containing a combination of prebiotics in the proportion of 0.20% of MOS and β-glucan, 0.09% of FOS and 0.01% of GOS (F9G1) led to improvements in performance and health of the animals, similarly or better than the use of the antimicrobial halquinol.
The aim of this work was to evaluate prebiotic combinations of mannanigosaccharide, β-glucan, fructoligosaccharide and galactoligosaccharide, in substituin to antimicrobial halquinol, in diets of weanling pigs, on the performance, diarrhea incidence, intestinal health, hematological and immunological parameters. It were carried out three experiments, using a total of 200 weanling pigs, 21 d-old in average, distributed in a completely randomized block design with five treatments and eight replicates. The treatments were: CON = basal diet (BD) + 120 ppm of halquinol; Mβ = BD + MOS and β-glucan (3.0 kg/t); F9G1 = BD + MOS and β-glucan (2.0 kg/t) + FOS and GOS (1.0 kg/t) (FOS: GOS ratio 9:1); F7G3 = BD + MOS and β-glucan (2.0 kg/t) + FOS and GOS (1.0 kg/t) (FOS: GOS ratio 7:3); F5G5 = BD + MOS and β-glucan (2.0 kg/t) + FOS and GOS (1.0 kg/t) (FOS:GOS ratio 5:5). In the period of 0-15d, the animals of CON and F9G1 treatments presented better (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the animals of Mβ treatment. In the period of 0-28d, the animals from F9G1 treatment tended to improve (P<0.10) FCR. In the period of 0-41d, animals fed CON treatment showed better (P<0.05) FCR compared to the animals fed F7G3, not differing from the other treatments. On the 14th experimental day, 40 piglets were slaughtered to collect samples, and others 40 piglets received intramuscular injection of Escherichia coli LPS (O55:B5). For morphometric variables, in the duodenum, there was higher (P<0.05) villus height (VH) in animals fed CON, Mβ and F9G1 treatments compared to those of F7G3 and also higher (P<0.05) villus surface area (SA) for the animals fed Mβ and F9G1 compared to animals of those of F7G3. In the jejunum, there was a higher (P<0.05) villus height crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) in the animals fed CON compared to the animals from F7G3 treatment. For blood count, after challenge, there was a reduction (P<0.05) for the erythrocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit counts in F9G1 group, but also an increase (P>0.05) in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, compared to period prior challenge. All leukogram variables were reduced (P<0.05), after challenge, for all treatments. Prior to challenge, piglets from CON group had higher (P<0.05) segmented neutrophil counts compared to piglets of F5G5 group. Regarding the respiratory burst, after challenge with LPS, only F9G1 animals increased (P<0.05) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, and only animals fed F9G1 and CON kept (P> 0.05) nitric oxide (NO) production, compared to the moment before challenge. There was an increase (P<0.05) in the production of C-reactive protein (CP) in the piglets of the CON, Mβ and F9G1 groups, comparing the moments before and after LPS application. It is concluded that piglets fed diets containing a combination of prebiotics in the proportion of 0.20% of MOS and β-glucan, 0.09% of FOS and 0.01% of GOS (F9G1) led to improvements in performance and health of the animals, similarly or better than the use of the antimicrobial halquinol.
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Palavras-chave
Aditivos, Desempenho, Saúde, Suínos, Additives, Health, Performance, Swine