Controle fronteiriço, cidadania e direitos humanos em processos migratórios: um enfoque cosmopolita sobre a migração de cidadãos de países subsaarianos na fronteira sul da Espanha
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Data
2019-02-28
Autores
Santos, Valdirene Ferreira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O trabalho analisa o movimento de migrantes internacionais forçados, enfocando nos processos de travessia das fronteiras territoriais dos Estados, a partir da discussão centrada na questão da cidadania e dos direitos humanos. Ao tomar como hipótese que a mobilidade humana entre as fronteiras nacionais desencadeia significativas reivindicações por direitos humanos que colocam em causa a centralidade da nacionalidade para se determinar o status de cidadania, o objetivo principal do trabalho é discutir a ideia de direitos humanos como uma alternativa viável nos processos de travessia de fronteiras por migrantes internacionais considerados forçados. Para tanto, recorre à contribuição de abordagens teóricas cosmopolitas acerca da cidadania articulada à questão moral e institucional dos direitos humanos, argumentando a favor da livre circulação de fronteiras por migrantes considerados forçados enquanto um meio de assegurar um tratamento mais justo e igualitário nos espaços de fronteiras, o qual, por conseguinte, poderia promover a dignidade humana, com base no princípio de igual valor moral de todos os seres humanos, assim como a justiça global. Nesse sentido, à luz do debate sobre a emergência de novas formas de cidadania, para além das fronteiras da nação, procura analisar em que medida as teorizações acerca da cidadania cosmopolita poderiam contribuir para efetivar os direitos humanos dos migrantes internacionais forçados que, por participarem dos fluxos irregulares, se tornam mais vulneráveis nos processos de travessia de fronteiras. O recorte temporal e espacial compreende a fronteira sul da Espanha, a partir do início dos anos 1990, tomando como estudo de caso os movimentos migratórios irregulares de nacionais de países subsaarianos nesse contexto.
The paper analyzes the movement of forced international migrants, focusing on the processes of crossing the territorial borders of states, based on the discussion centered on the issue of citizenship and human rights. Taking the hypothesis that human mobility between national boundaries triggers significant claims of human rights that calls into question the centrality of nationality to determine citizenship status, the main objective of the work is to discuss the idea of human rights as an alternative cross-border processes by international migrants considered to be forced. In order to do so, it uses the contribution of cosmopolitan theoretical approaches to citizenship articulated to the moral and institutional question of human rights, arguing in favor of free movement of borders by migrants considered to be forced as a means of ensuring a fairer and more equitable treatment in border areas, which could therefore promote human dignity, based on the principle of equal moral value of all human beings, as well as global justice. In the sense, in the light of the debate on the emergence of new forms of citizenship, beyond the borders of the nation, it seeks to analyze to what extent the theorizations about cosmopolitan citizenship could contribute to the human rights of forced international migrants who, by participating in irregular flows become more vulnerable in border crossing processes. The temporal and spatial clipping comprises the southern border of Spain, from the beginning of the 1990s, taking as a case study the irregular migratory movements of nationals of sub-Saharian countries in this context.
The paper analyzes the movement of forced international migrants, focusing on the processes of crossing the territorial borders of states, based on the discussion centered on the issue of citizenship and human rights. Taking the hypothesis that human mobility between national boundaries triggers significant claims of human rights that calls into question the centrality of nationality to determine citizenship status, the main objective of the work is to discuss the idea of human rights as an alternative cross-border processes by international migrants considered to be forced. In order to do so, it uses the contribution of cosmopolitan theoretical approaches to citizenship articulated to the moral and institutional question of human rights, arguing in favor of free movement of borders by migrants considered to be forced as a means of ensuring a fairer and more equitable treatment in border areas, which could therefore promote human dignity, based on the principle of equal moral value of all human beings, as well as global justice. In the sense, in the light of the debate on the emergence of new forms of citizenship, beyond the borders of the nation, it seeks to analyze to what extent the theorizations about cosmopolitan citizenship could contribute to the human rights of forced international migrants who, by participating in irregular flows become more vulnerable in border crossing processes. The temporal and spatial clipping comprises the southern border of Spain, from the beginning of the 1990s, taking as a case study the irregular migratory movements of nationals of sub-Saharian countries in this context.
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Palavras-chave
Cosmopolitismo, Cidadania, Fronteira, Migrantes nacionais de países subsaarianos, Direitos humanos