Porque aqui é a minha casa!: velhas práticas e novas possibilidades em conjuntos habitacionais do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida
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Data
2019-02-25
Autores
Carvalho, Viviane Fernanda de Oliveira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV), lançado no Governo Lula (2009) e com continuidade no Governo de Dilma Rousseff, ambos do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), foi direcionado a três faixas de renda, que teve como objetivo duplo impactar na economia e diminuir o déficit habitacional, subsidiando moradias a partir do crédito e da redução de juros do financiamento, sendo as construtoras responsáveis pela edificação dos conjuntos habitacionais, a partir de critérios pré-estabelecidos pelo programa. Sem desconsiderar a vasta e importante obra já publicada sobre os efeitos do PMCMV na perspectiva urbana e, sobretudo, especificamente do mercado imobiliário, buscamos evidenciar nessa tese seus efeitos no cotidiano dos moradores beneficiados. Dentre os procedimentos metodológicos adotados, realizamos entrevistas com agentes bem informados e citadinos residentes nos novos conjuntos habitacionais: Jardim Panorâmico, Residencial Tapajós, Residencial Bela Vista, Residencial Cremonezi e Conjunto Habitacional Jardim João Domingos Netto, em Presidente Prudente e Jardim Zavaglia, Residencial Planalto Verde e Residencial Eduardo Abdelnur, em São Carlos. Todos loteamentos horizontais abertos e direcionados a faixa 1 do PMCMV, voltado à renda de 0 a 3 salários mínimos. Além disso, foram realizadas observações e categorizações de publicações desses moradores em grupos fechados voltados aos próprios conjuntos habitacionais no Facebook. Com base nas suas articulações para solucionar os novos problemas das atuais periferias, discutimos o papel da casa própria nesses espaços urbanos em sua relação com a conquista da cidadania e com o processo de fragmentação socioespacial. O interesse por essa perspectiva analítica é justificado pela complexidade envolvida no cotidiano desses moradores, que combina a aquisição da casa própria, considerada como seu aspecto positivo principal, com circunstâncias tais como a residência em áreas distantes do centro, monofuncionais e/ou com transporte público insuficiente, com tamanho inadequado às necessidades da família etc. Assim, analisamos as implicações da aquisição da casa própria, subsidiada a partir de políticas neoliberais na periferia de duas cidades médias paulista, Presidente Prudente e São Carlos, para seus diferentes moradores, questionando se as estratégias que utilizam para superar os problemas decorrentes dessa localização podem reforçar o processo de fragmentação socioespacial ou possibilitar uma nova “insurgência da cidadania” (HOLSTON, 2013). Como principal resultado, evidenciamos o caráter amplamente contraditório que caracteriza as novas formas de politização nas novas periferias, se estabelecendo num limiar entre reivindicações coletivas e individuais, pautadas no próprio mercado.
The My House, My Life program (PMCMV), launched in the Lula Government (2009) and with continuity in the Government of Dilma Rousseff, both of the Workers Party (PT), was directed to three income brackets, which had as a double objective to economy and to reduce the housing deficit, subsidizing housing from credit and reducing interest on financing, and the construction companies are responsible for building housing complexes, based on pre-established criteria. Without disregarding the vast and important work already published on the effects of PMCMV in the urban perspective and, especially, specifically in the real estate market, we tried to show in this thesis its effects on the daily life of the beneficiary inhabitants. Among the methodological procedures adopted, we conducted interviews with well-informed agents and city dwellers in the new housing complexes: Jardim Panorâmico, Residencial Tapajós, Residencial Bela Vista, Residencial Cremonezi and Jardim João Domingos Netto housing complex, in Presidente Prudente and Jardim Zavaglia, Residencial Planalto Verde and Residencial Eduardo Abdelnur, in São Carlos. All horizontal allotments open and directed to track 1 of the PMCMV, focused on income from 0 to 3 minimum wages. In addition, observations and categorizations of these residents' publications were carried out in closed groups aimed at the housing complexes on Facebook. Based on their articulations to solve the new problems of the present peripheries, we discuss the role of the house in these urban spaces in relation to the conquest of citizenship and the process of socio-spatial fragmentation. The interest in this analytical perspective is justified by the complexity involved in the daily life of these residents, which combines the acquisition of the home, considered as its main positive aspect, with circumstances such as residence in areas far from the center, monofunctional and / or public transportation inadequate, inadequate to the needs of the family, etc. Thus, we analyze the implications of the acquisition of the own house, subsidized from neoliberal policies in the periphery of two medium-sized cities of São Paulo, Presidente Prudente and São Carlos, for its different inhabitants, questioning if the strategies they use to overcome the problems arising from this location can strengthen the process of socio-spatial fragmentation or enable a new "insurgency of citizenship" (Holston, 2013). As a main result, we show the broadly contradictory character that characterizes the new forms of politicization in the new peripheries, establishing themselves on a threshold between collective and individual demands, based on the market itself.
The My House, My Life program (PMCMV), launched in the Lula Government (2009) and with continuity in the Government of Dilma Rousseff, both of the Workers Party (PT), was directed to three income brackets, which had as a double objective to economy and to reduce the housing deficit, subsidizing housing from credit and reducing interest on financing, and the construction companies are responsible for building housing complexes, based on pre-established criteria. Without disregarding the vast and important work already published on the effects of PMCMV in the urban perspective and, especially, specifically in the real estate market, we tried to show in this thesis its effects on the daily life of the beneficiary inhabitants. Among the methodological procedures adopted, we conducted interviews with well-informed agents and city dwellers in the new housing complexes: Jardim Panorâmico, Residencial Tapajós, Residencial Bela Vista, Residencial Cremonezi and Jardim João Domingos Netto housing complex, in Presidente Prudente and Jardim Zavaglia, Residencial Planalto Verde and Residencial Eduardo Abdelnur, in São Carlos. All horizontal allotments open and directed to track 1 of the PMCMV, focused on income from 0 to 3 minimum wages. In addition, observations and categorizations of these residents' publications were carried out in closed groups aimed at the housing complexes on Facebook. Based on their articulations to solve the new problems of the present peripheries, we discuss the role of the house in these urban spaces in relation to the conquest of citizenship and the process of socio-spatial fragmentation. The interest in this analytical perspective is justified by the complexity involved in the daily life of these residents, which combines the acquisition of the home, considered as its main positive aspect, with circumstances such as residence in areas far from the center, monofunctional and / or public transportation inadequate, inadequate to the needs of the family, etc. Thus, we analyze the implications of the acquisition of the own house, subsidized from neoliberal policies in the periphery of two medium-sized cities of São Paulo, Presidente Prudente and São Carlos, for its different inhabitants, questioning if the strategies they use to overcome the problems arising from this location can strengthen the process of socio-spatial fragmentation or enable a new "insurgency of citizenship" (Holston, 2013). As a main result, we show the broadly contradictory character that characterizes the new forms of politicization in the new peripheries, establishing themselves on a threshold between collective and individual demands, based on the market itself.
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Palavras-chave
Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, Cotidiano, Insurgência da cidadania, Neoliberalismo, Fragmentação socioespacial, Presidente Prudente (SP), São Carlos (SP), Daily, Citizen's insurgency, Neoliberalism, Socio-spatial fragmentation