Biologia reprodutiva do peixe borboleta Chaetodon striatus (Perciformes: Chaetodontidae) e manutenção em sistema de recirculação
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Data
2019-02-22
Autores
Perez, Isabelle Leite Bayona [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Considerando o extrativismo exacerbado de peixes marinhos para suprir a demanda da aquariofilia e a carência de estudos referentes aos aspectos da reprodução do peixe borboleta Chaetodon striatus, o presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento pioneiro sobre a biologia reprodutiva desta espécie do Atlântico Sul, bem como obter informações sobre sua criação em cativeiro. Os espécimes foram coletados em duas regiões de Ubatuba-SP: em costões rochosos na praia do Itaguá e na ilha da Rapada. A captura foi realizada através de armadilha do tipo covo e puçás, mensalmente, de março de 2015 a junho de 2017. O período reprodutivo, o comprimento mínimo da atividade reprodutiva de machos e fêmeas, a proporção entre os sexos, a relação peso-comprimento e o fator de condição foram estimados. O desenvolvimento oocitário e testicular, bem como a evolução do tecido gonadal feminino e masculino, foram analisados histologicamente. Exemplares da espécie foram mantidos em tanques de diferentes volumes em um sistema de recirculação de água, sendo ofertados organismos vivos para a alimentação. Também foi realizada a observação dos comportamentos. Os maiores valores de IGS na praia do Itaguá ocorreram em setembro de 2015 e em setembro de 2016, enquanto que na Ilha da rapada ocorreram em maio e novembro de 2016 e junho de 2017, o comprimento mínimo da atividade reprodutiva para machos foi de 11,1 cm e de fêmeas 13,1 cm. Os valores de b da relação peso-comprimento variaram de 2,96 a 3,33 e estão dentro do intervalo esperado. As médias do fator de condição foram superiores para fêmeas, na praia do Itaguá e na primavera. Em C. striatus, o desenvolvimento oocitário e espermático seguem o padrão de Teleostei. Houve atresia folicular e degeneração de grande parte do epitélio germinativo feminino. Já nos machos, os gametas permanecem morfologicamente viáveis. Para manutenção, recomenda-se tanques a partir de 300 L e os pequenos invertebrados e mexilhões frescos foram bem aceitos na alimentação. Os comportamentos observados “macho toca no abdômen da fêmea” e “natação paralela” estão relacionados ao cortejo de chaetodontídeos. Esses estudos são importantes para uma adequada gestão pesqueira, além de serem dados primordiais para um futuro pacote tecnológico desta espécie.
Considering the exacerbated extractivism of marine fish to supply the demand for aquarium fish and the lack of studies regarding the reproduction aspects of the Butterfly fish, Chaetodon striatus, the present study aimed to carry out a pioneering survey on reproductive ecology and the basic aspects of reproductive biology of the species in the South Atlantic. The specimens were collected in two regions of Ubatuba-SP: in rocky shores on the “Itaguá” beach and in the “Ilha da Rapada” island. The capture, through a covo type trap or hand net, was carried out monthly, from March 2015 to June 2017. The reproductive period, the minimum length of the reproductive activity of males and females and the proportion between the sexes were estimated. The oocyte and testicular development, as well as the evolution of female and male gonadal tissue, were analyzed histologically. Specimens were kept in tanks of different volumes in a water recirculation system, with live organisms being offered for feeding. Observation of behaviors was also performed. The highest values of IGS in Itaguá beach occurred in September of 2015 and in September of 2016, while in Rapada island occurred in May and November of 2016 and June of 2017, the sexual ratio was 1:1, the minimum length of males reproductive activity was 11.1 cm and 13.1 cm for females. The values of b of the weight-length relationship ranged from 2.96 to 3.33 and are within the expected range. The averages of the condition factor were higher for females and Itaguá beach, with a difference between all the seasons of the years. In C. striatus, oocyte and spermatic development follow the pattern of Teleostei. Due to the management of the animals, the basement membrane of the follicles is segmented, causing follicular atresia and degeneration of a large part of the female germinal epithelium. In males, gametes remain viable. In captivity, some behaviors related to courtship were observed. These studies are important so that certain species can be kept in captivity, in order to adapt specific conditions for their cultivation.
Considering the exacerbated extractivism of marine fish to supply the demand for aquarium fish and the lack of studies regarding the reproduction aspects of the Butterfly fish, Chaetodon striatus, the present study aimed to carry out a pioneering survey on reproductive ecology and the basic aspects of reproductive biology of the species in the South Atlantic. The specimens were collected in two regions of Ubatuba-SP: in rocky shores on the “Itaguá” beach and in the “Ilha da Rapada” island. The capture, through a covo type trap or hand net, was carried out monthly, from March 2015 to June 2017. The reproductive period, the minimum length of the reproductive activity of males and females and the proportion between the sexes were estimated. The oocyte and testicular development, as well as the evolution of female and male gonadal tissue, were analyzed histologically. Specimens were kept in tanks of different volumes in a water recirculation system, with live organisms being offered for feeding. Observation of behaviors was also performed. The highest values of IGS in Itaguá beach occurred in September of 2015 and in September of 2016, while in Rapada island occurred in May and November of 2016 and June of 2017, the sexual ratio was 1:1, the minimum length of males reproductive activity was 11.1 cm and 13.1 cm for females. The values of b of the weight-length relationship ranged from 2.96 to 3.33 and are within the expected range. The averages of the condition factor were higher for females and Itaguá beach, with a difference between all the seasons of the years. In C. striatus, oocyte and spermatic development follow the pattern of Teleostei. Due to the management of the animals, the basement membrane of the follicles is segmented, causing follicular atresia and degeneration of a large part of the female germinal epithelium. In males, gametes remain viable. In captivity, some behaviors related to courtship were observed. These studies are important so that certain species can be kept in captivity, in order to adapt specific conditions for their cultivation.
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Palavras-chave
Peixe ornamental marinho, Ambiente costeiro, Aquariofilia, Morfologia de gônadas