Sustentabilidade de sistemas de produção de hortaliças em propriedades rurais de Botucatu e região
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Data
2019-02-25
Autores
Silva, Hilbaty Estephany Rodrigues da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os diferentes e inúmeros agroecossistemas do território nacional, onde as hortaliças são produzidas majoritariamente pelo sistema de cultivo convencional, têm-se modificado ao longo dos últimos anos, apresentando crescimento significativo de cultivos diferenciados com destaque para aqueles em ambiente protegido e sob sistema orgânico. O setor de hortaliças é um ramo do agronegócio em pleno crescimento e que movimenta em torno de 55 milhões de reais anualmente, em toda a sua cadeia, do campo ao varejo. Dentre os Estados da região Sudeste, São Paulo é o que possui o maior mercado de alimentos da América Latina, podendo-se inferir que o mesmo possa ocorrer com os orgânicos. Assim, objetivou-se neste estudo analisar a sustentabilidade de sistemas de produção de hortaliças em propriedades rurais de Botucatu e região, bem como caracterizar as unidades produtivas quanto aspectos econômicos, ecológicos e sociais. Os procedimentos metodológicos para elaboração da pesquisa durante todo o seu desenvolvimento até a sua concretização foi com base na pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo descritiva analítica, a qual possibilita a observação, o registro, a análise e correlaciona fatos ou fenômenos sem manipula-los. Para coleta de dados foi utilizado o método “bola de neve”. O grupo amostral abrangido foi de 10 agricultores-produtores de hortaliças no município de Botucatu e região pela aplicação do formulário de manejo sustentável que consiste na classificação de quatro níveis distintos de sustentabilidade, atribuído por intermédio de pontuações referentes às práticas agrícolas adotadas dentro das unidades de produção, sendo eles: a) de 0 a 20 pontos - não sustentável; b) 20 a 40 pontos - sustentabilidade fraca; c) 40 a 60 pontos - sustentabilidade média e d) 60 a 80 pontos - sustentabilidade forte. Os dados obtidos revelaram que todos os agricultores visitados são de base familiar e possui boa diversidade de plantas em campo, o que possibilita bom escalonamento de produção e colheita, facilitando a comercialização dos produtos apresentando-se como estratégia fundamental para a permanência do trabalho no campo. Outro ponto que se pode visualizar são os agricultores convencionais que se quiserem migrar para a agricultura orgânica, os mesmo, já estão em processo de transição diante dos níveis de sustentabilidade abordado no questionário, obtendo produção superior, com menos degradação e maior equilíbrio ecológico. Quanto ao índice de sustentabilidade gerado pelo questionário, conseguiu-se perceber que os agricultores visitados possuem alto nível de sustentabilidade, respeitando as diretrizes do plano de manejo da APA – Botucatu que visa à responsabilidade do uso da terra, a conservação e preservação das áreas e agroecossistemas cultivados.
The different and numerous agroecosystems of the national territory, where the vegetables are produced mainly by the system of conventional cultivation, have been modified during the last years, presenting significant growth of differentiated crops with highlight to those in protected environment and under organic system. The vegetable sector is a growing branch of agribusiness, which moves around 55 million reais annually, throughout its chain, from the field to the retail. Among the states of the Southeast, São Paulo has the largest food market in Latin America, and it can be inferred that the same may occur with organic foods. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the sustainability of vegetable production systems in rural properties of Botucatu and region, as well as to characterize the productive units as economic, ecological and social aspects. The methodological procedures for the elaboration of the research throughout its development until its implementation was based on the qualitative research, of the descriptive analytical type, which makes it possible to observe, record, analyze and correlate facts or phenomena without manipulating them. The "snowball" method was used for data collection. The sampled group consisted of 10 farmers-producers of vegetables in the city of Botucatu and region by the application of the sustainable management form that consists of 4 different levels of sustainability, being: a) from 0 to 20 unsustainable; b) 20 to 40 weak sustainability; c) 40 to 60 average sustainability and d) 60 to 80 strong sustainability. The data obtained showed that all the farmers visited are family-based and have a good diversity of plants in the field, which allows a good staggering of production and harvesting, facilitating the commercialization of the products presenting as a fundamental strategy for the permanence of work in the field. Another point that can be seen is the conventional farmers who want to migrate to organic agriculture, they are already in the process of transition to the levels of sustainability addressed in the questionnaire, obtaining superior production, with less degradation and greater ecological balance. Regarding the sustainability index generated by the questionnaire, it was possible to perceive that the farmers visited have a high level of sustainability, respecting the guidelines of the APA - Botucatu management plan that aims at the responsibility of land use, conservation and preservation of the areas and agroecosystems.
The different and numerous agroecosystems of the national territory, where the vegetables are produced mainly by the system of conventional cultivation, have been modified during the last years, presenting significant growth of differentiated crops with highlight to those in protected environment and under organic system. The vegetable sector is a growing branch of agribusiness, which moves around 55 million reais annually, throughout its chain, from the field to the retail. Among the states of the Southeast, São Paulo has the largest food market in Latin America, and it can be inferred that the same may occur with organic foods. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the sustainability of vegetable production systems in rural properties of Botucatu and region, as well as to characterize the productive units as economic, ecological and social aspects. The methodological procedures for the elaboration of the research throughout its development until its implementation was based on the qualitative research, of the descriptive analytical type, which makes it possible to observe, record, analyze and correlate facts or phenomena without manipulating them. The "snowball" method was used for data collection. The sampled group consisted of 10 farmers-producers of vegetables in the city of Botucatu and region by the application of the sustainable management form that consists of 4 different levels of sustainability, being: a) from 0 to 20 unsustainable; b) 20 to 40 weak sustainability; c) 40 to 60 average sustainability and d) 60 to 80 strong sustainability. The data obtained showed that all the farmers visited are family-based and have a good diversity of plants in the field, which allows a good staggering of production and harvesting, facilitating the commercialization of the products presenting as a fundamental strategy for the permanence of work in the field. Another point that can be seen is the conventional farmers who want to migrate to organic agriculture, they are already in the process of transition to the levels of sustainability addressed in the questionnaire, obtaining superior production, with less degradation and greater ecological balance. Regarding the sustainability index generated by the questionnaire, it was possible to perceive that the farmers visited have a high level of sustainability, respecting the guidelines of the APA - Botucatu management plan that aims at the responsibility of land use, conservation and preservation of the areas and agroecosystems.
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Palavras-chave
Agricultura sustentável, Transição agroecológica, Plantas hortícolas, Agricultura familiar, Sustainable agriculture, Agroecological transition, Horticultural plants, Family farming