Estudos dinâmicos para estimar a forma de Chariklo.
Carregando...
Data
2018-02-21
Autores
Ribeiro, Taís Alves SIlva
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Ocultações estelares de Chariklo em 2013 revelaram algo que era desconhecido até o momento: anéis de partículas em torno de um corpo celeste do Sistema Solar diferente de um planeta. Este fato despertou o interesse da comunidade científica a respeito de assuntos como, por exemplo, o processo de formação desses anéis, por quanto tempo eles existirão, qual a probabilidade de corpos como o de Chariklo possuírem anéis ou ainda como eles se mantêm estáveis ao redor de um pequeno objeto, se comparado aos planetas. Neste trabalho estamos interessados em determinar o modelo físico de Chariklo através da manutenção da estrutura atual dos anéis. Acreditamos que este centauro é um corpo semelhante a um elipsoide, entretanto não sabemos com exatidão as dimensões de seus semieixos físicos a, b e c. As razões entre os valores destes semieixos resultam em diferentes valores para os termos de achatamento e elipticidade de Chariklo, que podem ser representados pelos termos J 2 e C 22 em seu potencial gravitacional. Além de determinar os limites para a forma de Chariklo, queremos também estudar quais são os efeitos que o achatamento e elipticidade do corpo central provocam na dinâmica das partículas dos anéis. Para isso, fizemos simulações numéricas usando um integrador que leva em conta os termos relacionados aos coeficientes J 2 e C 22 . O sistema que integramos é composto por Chariklo sendo orbitado por uma partícula com aproximadamente a mesma distância em que estão os anéis, fazendo uso dos elementos orbitais osculadores. O objetivo dessas simulações foi reproduzir as características físicas dos anéis obtidas através das ocultações estelares, entretanto apenas conseguimos fazer essa reprodução usando valores de J 2 e C 22 muito pequenos, o que contradiz a hipótese do centauro ter diferenças significativas entre seus semieixos físicos. Para valores maiores de J 2 e C 22 as partículas descrevem órbitas com excentricidades muito altas, gerando uma grande variação no raio orbital. Diante disso, passamos a estudar o sistema fazendo uso dos elementos orbitais geométricos encontrados nos artigos de Borderies; Longaretti (1987), Longaretti; Borderies (1991), Borderies-Rappaport; Longaretti (1994) e Renner; Sicardy (2006). Estes trabalhos mostram que o uso de elementos orbitais osculadores, em simulações de partículas que orbitam corpos que são muito achatados, não é adequada. Assim sendo, utilizamos esses novos elementos em nossas simulações considerando apenas o termo J 2 e o efeito de altas excentricidades, que antes ocorria, foi corrigido. No entanto, ao adicionarmos o termo C 22 , a excentricidade das órbitas das partículas voltou a aumentar significativamente, efeito que havia ocorrido quando usamos elementos osculadores nas simulações considerando o termo J 2 . Então, fazemos uma discussão sobre uma possível forma de diminuir a excentricidade provocada pela elipticidade de Chariklo. Por fim, além do estudo sobre a dinâmica das partículas este trabalho conta com uma análise, usando seções de Poincaré, de uma possível ressonância responsável pela estabilidade dos anéis.
Chariklo’s stellar occultations in 2013 revealed something that was unknown to date: particle rings around a celestial body of the Solar system other than a planet. This fact has aroused the interest of the scientific community on issues such as the process of forming these rings, how long they will exist, how likely Chariklo bodies are to have rings or how stable they are around of a small object, compared to the planets. In this work we are interested in determining Chariklo’s physical model by maintaining the current structure of the rings. We believe that this centaur is a body similar to an ellipsoid, but we do not know exactly the dimensions of its physical axes a, b, and c. The ratios between the values of these semi axes result in different values for the Chariklo flattening and ellipticity terms which can be represented by the terms J2 and C22 in its gravitational potential. In addition to determining the limits for the Chariklo form, we also want to study the effects of flattening and ellipticity on the dynamics of ring particles. For this, we did numerical simulations using an integrator that takes into account the terms related to the coefficients J2 and C22. The system we integrate is composed of Chariklo being orbited by a particle approximately the same distance as the rings, making use of the orbital osculating elements. The objective of these simulations was to reproduce the physical characteristics of the rings obtained through stellar occultations, however we can only do this reproduction using values of J2 and C22 very small, which contradicts the hypothesis of the centaur to have significant differences between their physical semi axis. For values greater than J2 and C22 the particles describe orbits with very high eccentricities, generating a large variation in the orbital radius. Therefore, we proceed to study the system making use of the geometric orbital elements found in the Borderies and Longaretti (1987), Longaretti and Borderies (1991), Borderies-Rappaport and Longaretti (1994) and Renner and Sicardy (2006). These studies show that the use of orbital osculating elements in simulations of particles orbiting bodies that are very flattened is not adequate. Therefore, we use these new elements in our simulations considering only the term J2 and the effect of high eccentricity that before happened was corrected. However, in addition to adding the term C22, an eccentricity of the orbits of the particles has again increased significantly, an effect that has occurred when using osculating elements in the simulations considering the term J2. So we did discuss about a possible way to lessen the eccentricity brought about by Chariklo’s elipticity. Finally, besides the study on the dynamics of the particles, this work has an analysis, using sections of Poincaré, of a possible resonance responsible for the stability of the rings
Chariklo’s stellar occultations in 2013 revealed something that was unknown to date: particle rings around a celestial body of the Solar system other than a planet. This fact has aroused the interest of the scientific community on issues such as the process of forming these rings, how long they will exist, how likely Chariklo bodies are to have rings or how stable they are around of a small object, compared to the planets. In this work we are interested in determining Chariklo’s physical model by maintaining the current structure of the rings. We believe that this centaur is a body similar to an ellipsoid, but we do not know exactly the dimensions of its physical axes a, b, and c. The ratios between the values of these semi axes result in different values for the Chariklo flattening and ellipticity terms which can be represented by the terms J2 and C22 in its gravitational potential. In addition to determining the limits for the Chariklo form, we also want to study the effects of flattening and ellipticity on the dynamics of ring particles. For this, we did numerical simulations using an integrator that takes into account the terms related to the coefficients J2 and C22. The system we integrate is composed of Chariklo being orbited by a particle approximately the same distance as the rings, making use of the orbital osculating elements. The objective of these simulations was to reproduce the physical characteristics of the rings obtained through stellar occultations, however we can only do this reproduction using values of J2 and C22 very small, which contradicts the hypothesis of the centaur to have significant differences between their physical semi axis. For values greater than J2 and C22 the particles describe orbits with very high eccentricities, generating a large variation in the orbital radius. Therefore, we proceed to study the system making use of the geometric orbital elements found in the Borderies and Longaretti (1987), Longaretti and Borderies (1991), Borderies-Rappaport and Longaretti (1994) and Renner and Sicardy (2006). These studies show that the use of orbital osculating elements in simulations of particles orbiting bodies that are very flattened is not adequate. Therefore, we use these new elements in our simulations considering only the term J2 and the effect of high eccentricity that before happened was corrected. However, in addition to adding the term C22, an eccentricity of the orbits of the particles has again increased significantly, an effect that has occurred when using osculating elements in the simulations considering the term J2. So we did discuss about a possible way to lessen the eccentricity brought about by Chariklo’s elipticity. Finally, besides the study on the dynamics of the particles, this work has an analysis, using sections of Poincaré, of a possible resonance responsible for the stability of the rings
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Chariklo, Anéis de partículas, Elementos orbitais geométricos, Coeficiente de achatamento, Coeficiente de elipticidade, Ressonância, Particle rings, Geometric orbital elements, Coefficient of flattening, Coefficient of ellipticity, Resonance