Análise da produtividade e sustentabilidade de inóculo de Pleurotus ostreatus após repicagens sucessivas: estudo de caso
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Data
2019-02-28
Autores
Martins, Olívia Gomes
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O cultivo de cogumelos comestíveis, como o Pleurotus ostreatus (shimeji), vêm se expandindo no Brasil devido as suas características nutricionais, medicinais e possibilidade de empregar técnicas rústicas para o seu cultivo. Um dos fatores que influenciam este cultivo é a qualidade do inóculo. Alguns produtores acreditam que as sucessivas repicagens de um micélio resultam em perda de vigor e consequente queda na produtividade, porém a literatura carece de informações referentes a essa questão. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade, expressa pela perda de matéria orgânica, massa do basidioma fresco, eficiência biológica, número de cachos, atividade enzimática e caracterização química do substrato do inóculo de P. ostreatus em função de repicagens sucessivas, em três linhagens diferentes (SB, MB e CP3), cada qual com quatro tratamentos (I1, I2, I3 e I4, correspondendo aos inóculos repicados sucesssivamente), bem como analisar o processo de produção de inóculo e sua sustentabilidade sob o ponto de vista emergético. A linhagem SB apresentou os melhores resultados de produtividade, com uma massa média de 513 g, as linhagens MB e CP3 não diferiram estatisticamente entre si quanto à produtividade, com massa média de 371 g e 310 g, respectivamente. A linhagem CP3 produziu cogumelos maiores que as demais, com uma massa média de 278 g por cacho, enquanto a linhagem SB obteve uma massa média de 218 g por cacho e a linhagem MB 185 g por cacho. As repicagens sucessivas não afetaram o tamanho dos cogumelos. Os inóculos apresentaram comportamento semelhante no substrato segundo os dados de atividade enzimática e caracterização química do substrato, indicando que as repicagens sucessivas não afetaram o comportamento do fungo no substrato. Os dados sugerem que até a quinta repicagem do micélio, não há perda significativa na produtividade, havendo diferenças apenas entre linhagens. Quanto à análise emergética, obteve-se um índice de sustentabilidade de 0,35, indicando que esta etapa do cultivo de cogumelos não é sustentável pelo alto investimento de insumos, maquinário e mão-de-obra, embora deva-se considerar o benefício posterior deste produto na cadeia produtiva, sendo recomendadas futuras análises envolvendo todas as etapas do cultivo.
The cultivation of edible mushrooms, such as the Pleurotus ostreatus (shimeji), has been expanding in Brazil due to its nutritional and medicinal characteristics, as well as the possibility of employing rustic techniques for its cultivation. One of the factors that influence this cultivation is the quality of the spawn. Some producers believe that the successive multiplications of the mycelium results in a loss of vigor and consequently a decline in productivity, however the literature lacks information regarding this issue. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity, expressed by the loss of organic matter, fresh basidioma mass, biological efficiency, number of fruiting bodies, enzymatic activity and chemical characterization of the substrate of the Pleurotus ostreatus spawn as a function of successive multiplications, in three different strains (SB, MB and CP3), each with four treatments (I1, I2, I3 and I4, corresponding to the successively multiplied spawns), as well as to analyse the spawn production process and its sustainability under the emergetic point of view. The SB strain presented the best productivity results, with an average mass of 513 g, the MB and CP3 strains did not differ statistically among each other regarding productivity, with an average mass of 371 g and 310 g, respectively. The CP3 strain resulted in larger mushrooms than the others, with an average mass of 278 g per bunch, whereas the SB strain resulted in a mass of 218 g per bunch and the MB strain resulted in 185 g per bunch. The successive multiplications did not affect the size of the mushrooms. The spawns presented a similar behaviour on the substrate according to the data of enzymatic activity and chemical characterization of the substrate, indicating that the successive multiplications did not affect the behaviour of the fungi on the substrate. The data suggests that until the fifth multiplication of the mycelium, there is no significant loss in productivity, the differences being only among strains. Regarding the emergy analysis, it was observed a sustainability index of 0,35, indicating that this stage of mushroom cultivation is not sustainable due to the high investment of inputs, machinery and labor, although the subsequent benefit of this product in the production chain should be considered, and future analyzes involving all stages of cultivation are recommended.
The cultivation of edible mushrooms, such as the Pleurotus ostreatus (shimeji), has been expanding in Brazil due to its nutritional and medicinal characteristics, as well as the possibility of employing rustic techniques for its cultivation. One of the factors that influence this cultivation is the quality of the spawn. Some producers believe that the successive multiplications of the mycelium results in a loss of vigor and consequently a decline in productivity, however the literature lacks information regarding this issue. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity, expressed by the loss of organic matter, fresh basidioma mass, biological efficiency, number of fruiting bodies, enzymatic activity and chemical characterization of the substrate of the Pleurotus ostreatus spawn as a function of successive multiplications, in three different strains (SB, MB and CP3), each with four treatments (I1, I2, I3 and I4, corresponding to the successively multiplied spawns), as well as to analyse the spawn production process and its sustainability under the emergetic point of view. The SB strain presented the best productivity results, with an average mass of 513 g, the MB and CP3 strains did not differ statistically among each other regarding productivity, with an average mass of 371 g and 310 g, respectively. The CP3 strain resulted in larger mushrooms than the others, with an average mass of 278 g per bunch, whereas the SB strain resulted in a mass of 218 g per bunch and the MB strain resulted in 185 g per bunch. The successive multiplications did not affect the size of the mushrooms. The spawns presented a similar behaviour on the substrate according to the data of enzymatic activity and chemical characterization of the substrate, indicating that the successive multiplications did not affect the behaviour of the fungi on the substrate. The data suggests that until the fifth multiplication of the mycelium, there is no significant loss in productivity, the differences being only among strains. Regarding the emergy analysis, it was observed a sustainability index of 0,35, indicating that this stage of mushroom cultivation is not sustainable due to the high investment of inputs, machinery and labor, although the subsequent benefit of this product in the production chain should be considered, and future analyzes involving all stages of cultivation are recommended.
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Cogumelos, Atividade enzimática, Caracterização química, Mushrooms, Enzymatic activity, Chemical characterization