Época de plantio e tempo de incorporação de torta de mamona no cultivo orgânico de Calendula officinalis L.
Data
2019-02-26
Autores
Marques, Isabella Barbosa
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O manejo cultural de plantas medicinais é fator que influencia fortemente na síntese de metabólitos secundários, sendo a adubação fundamental para alcançar boa produtividade e teores satisfatórios de compostos bioativos. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a produção de capítulos florais, compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides totais, bem como o crescimento de calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) submetida a tempos de incorporação de torta de mamona em diferentes épocas de cultivo. O trabalho foi divido em dois capítulos, no primeiro avaliou-se a massa fresca e seca dos capítulos florais, número de capítulos florais, teor de compostos fenólicos e de flavonoides de capítulos florais em três tempos de incorporação de torta mamona (28 e 14 dias antes do transplantio e no dia do transplantio) associados a quatro épocas de cultivo. A análise dos dados revelou que a produção de material vegetal foi influenciada tanto pelo tempo de incorporação da torta de mamona quanto pela época de cultivo, apresentando interação entre os fatores. Na época de cultivo 1 médias inferiores foram verificadas com a incorporação 0 DAT. Menores médias foram encontradas também com incorporação 28 DAT na época de cultivo 3. Nas épocas de cultivo 2 e 4 não houve diferença estatística entre os tempos de incorporação, entretanto a época de cultivo 2 apresentou valores inferiores de produção de material vegetal quando comparada às demais épocas. Deste modo, não é indicado o cultivo em condições climáticas similares às da época de cultivo 2 (alta precipitação e temperaturas elevadas) em função da baixa produtividade de inflorescências. O teor de compostos fenólicos não apresentou diferenças significativas em função dos tratamentos. Menores médias no teor de flavonoides foram verificadas com a incorporação 28 DAT na época de cultivo 4. No capítulo 2 estudou-se a influência de três tempos de incorporação (28 e 14 dias antes do transplantio e no dia do transplantio) de torta de mamona sobre o crescimento de calêndula cultivada em condição de casa de vegetação. Foram realizadas 6 avaliações de crescimento em intervalos de 14 dias. Calculou-se os seguintes índices fisiológicos de crescimento: taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA), taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), taxa assimilatória líquida (TAL), razão de área foliar (RAF), área foliar específica (AFE) e razão de peso foliar (RPF). Foi determinado ainda o número de capítulos florais e o teor de nitrogênio foliar. Ao final, os dados obtidos foram ajustados a modelos de regressão. Verificou-se então, que a incorporação 14 dias antes do transplantio resultou em maiores valores para os índices fisiológicos. O maior número de capítulos florais foi alcançado com incorporação 28 dias antes do transplantio. Os tratamentos com incorporação 28 DAT e 14 DAT proporcionaram maior disponibilidade de nitrogênio logo no início do clico da cultura. Já a incorporação no dia do transplantio ajustou-se à equação quadrática, com valor máximo de nitorgênio foliar aos 60 dias após transplantio, sugerindo retardo na mineralização da torta de mamona e consequentemente na disponibilização do nitrogênio.
The cultural management of medicinal plants is a factor that strongly influences the synthesis of secondary metabolites, with the fertilization being fundamental to achieve good productivity and satisfactory levels of bioactive compounds. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the production of floral chapters, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, as well as the growth of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) submitted to times of incorporation of castor bean cake at different growing seasons. The work was divided in two chapters, in the first one was evaluated the fresh and dry mass of the floral chapters, number of floral chapters, content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids of floral chapters in three times of incorporation of castor bean cake (28 and 14 days before transplanting and on the day of transplanting) associated with four growing seasons. The data analysis has revealed that the production of plant material was influenced both by the incorporation timeof the castor bean cake and the growing season, showing interaction between the factors. At the time of cultivation 1 lower means were verified with the 0 DAT incorporation. Minor means were also found with 28 DAT incorporation at the time of cultivation 3. In the growing seasons 2 and 4 there was no statistical difference between the incorporation times, however the crop season 2 presented lower values of plant material compared to the other. Thus, cultivation is not indicated in climatic conditions similar to those of the growing season 2 (high rainfall and high temperatures) due to the low productivity of inflorescences. The amount of phenolic compounds did not present significant differences depending on the treatments. Lower mean values in the flavonoid amount were observed with the incorporation of 28 days before the transplanting in the growing season 4. In Chapter 2, the influence of three incorporation times (28 and 14 days before transplanting and on the day of transplant) of castor bean cake on the growth of marigold cultivated under greenhouse conditions. Six growth evaluations were performed at 14 day intervals. The following physiological growth rates were calculated: absolute growth rate (TCA), relative growth rate (TCR), net assimilation rate (TAL), leaf area ratio (RAF), specific leaf area (AFE) leaf weight (RPF). Also, it was determined the number of floral chapters and the content of leaf nitrogen. At the end, the obtained data were adjusted to regression models It was then found that incorporation 14 days before transplanting resulted in higher values for the physiological indices. The largest number of floral chapters was reached with incorporation 28 days before transplanting. Treatments with incorporation 28 and 14 days before transplanting provided higher nitrogen availability at the beginning of the culture cycle. The incorporation on the transplanting day was adjusted to the quadratic equation, with a maximum value of foliar nitrogen at 60 days after transplanting, suggesting delay in the mineralization of the castor bean cake and consequently the availability of nitrogen.
The cultural management of medicinal plants is a factor that strongly influences the synthesis of secondary metabolites, with the fertilization being fundamental to achieve good productivity and satisfactory levels of bioactive compounds. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the production of floral chapters, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, as well as the growth of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) submitted to times of incorporation of castor bean cake at different growing seasons. The work was divided in two chapters, in the first one was evaluated the fresh and dry mass of the floral chapters, number of floral chapters, content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids of floral chapters in three times of incorporation of castor bean cake (28 and 14 days before transplanting and on the day of transplanting) associated with four growing seasons. The data analysis has revealed that the production of plant material was influenced both by the incorporation timeof the castor bean cake and the growing season, showing interaction between the factors. At the time of cultivation 1 lower means were verified with the 0 DAT incorporation. Minor means were also found with 28 DAT incorporation at the time of cultivation 3. In the growing seasons 2 and 4 there was no statistical difference between the incorporation times, however the crop season 2 presented lower values of plant material compared to the other. Thus, cultivation is not indicated in climatic conditions similar to those of the growing season 2 (high rainfall and high temperatures) due to the low productivity of inflorescences. The amount of phenolic compounds did not present significant differences depending on the treatments. Lower mean values in the flavonoid amount were observed with the incorporation of 28 days before the transplanting in the growing season 4. In Chapter 2, the influence of three incorporation times (28 and 14 days before transplanting and on the day of transplant) of castor bean cake on the growth of marigold cultivated under greenhouse conditions. Six growth evaluations were performed at 14 day intervals. The following physiological growth rates were calculated: absolute growth rate (TCA), relative growth rate (TCR), net assimilation rate (TAL), leaf area ratio (RAF), specific leaf area (AFE) leaf weight (RPF). Also, it was determined the number of floral chapters and the content of leaf nitrogen. At the end, the obtained data were adjusted to regression models It was then found that incorporation 14 days before transplanting resulted in higher values for the physiological indices. The largest number of floral chapters was reached with incorporation 28 days before transplanting. Treatments with incorporation 28 and 14 days before transplanting provided higher nitrogen availability at the beginning of the culture cycle. The incorporation on the transplanting day was adjusted to the quadratic equation, with a maximum value of foliar nitrogen at 60 days after transplanting, suggesting delay in the mineralization of the castor bean cake and consequently the availability of nitrogen.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Calêndula, Adubação orgânica, Flavonoides, Organic fertilization, Marigold, Flavonoids