Distribuição ecológica de camarões marinhos (Crustacea: Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata) na região sudeste do Brasil
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Data
2019-02-25
Autores
Bernardes, Veronica Gresilene Pereira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A abundância dos camarões R. constrictus e X. kroyeri, assim como, as variáveis ambientais, mostraram relevantes alterações ao longo de um intervalo de 20 anos na Enseada de Ubatuba. Como observado, ocorreu uma deposição de sedimentos finos, a qual resultou em um aumento expressivo na fração da classe C na enseada. Essa sedimentação, provavelmente foi causada pela interação de fenômenos naturais e atividades humanas. Com relação a distribuição espacial e abundância de R. constrictus e X. kroyeri, ficou claro que as características do substrato foi um fator importante. R. constrictus manteve o mesmo padrão de distribuição em ambos os períodos, com preferência por locais com areia fina e muito fina e heterogêneo. Por outro lado, para X. kroyeri foi mais abundante em sedimento mais fino. Tal sedimentação que ocorreu na enseada pode ter contribuído de modo positivo para esta espécie, reforçando a importância do sedimento e suas características na explicação nos padrões de sua distribuição. Temporalmente, R. constrictus pode ser mais tolerante em relação a temperatura de fundo, o qual não apresentou um padrão de distribuição, sendo no primeiro período teve maior abundancia na primavera e no segundo período no outono, diferente de X. kroyeri apresentou o mesmo padrão de distribuição em temperaturas entre 21ºC e 26ºC. Além da deposição de sedimentos finos na Enseada de Ubatuba, demais fatores como áreas de exclusão natural de pesca, as medidas de gestão e manejo criadas, com o limite do esforço da pesca, foram essenciais para o estabelecimento e ocorrência de R. constrictus e X. kroyeri na Enseada de Ubatuba, representando importantes ferramentas para preservação e conservação. Sendo assim, nossos resultados podemos reforçar a importância desses planos de manejo e dessas áreas de exclusão natural de pesca, a qual foi possível obter uma recuperação e estabelecimento dessas duas espécies bentônicas por ser locais com menos impacto dessa atividade, para que as futuras gerações continuem se beneficiando desses recursos naturais de forma sustentável, garantindo proteção e / ou a restauração da biodiversidade marinha
The abundance of the R. constrictus and X. kroyeri shrimps, as well as the environmental variables, showed relevant changes over a 20-year interval in the Ubatuba Bay. As observed, a deposition of fine sediments occurred, which resulted in an expressive increase in the fraction of class C in the cove. This sedimentation was probably caused by the interaction of natural phenomena and human activities. Regarding the spatial distribution and abundance of R. constrictus and X. kroyeri, it was clear that the substrate characteristics were an important factor. R. constrictus maintained the same pattern of distribution in both periods, with preference for sites with fine and very fine and heterogeneous sand. On the other hand, for X. kroyeri it was more abundant in thinner sediment. Such sedimentation that occurred in the cove may have contributed positively to this species, reinforcing the importance of the sediment and its characteristics in the explanation in the patterns of its distribution. Temporally, R. constrictus may be more tolerant to background temperature, which did not present a distribution pattern, being in the first period had greater abundance in the spring and in the second period in autumn, different from X. kroyeri presented the same pattern temperatures between 21ºC and 26ºC. In addition to the deposition of fine sediments in the Ubatuba Cove, other factors such as areas of natural fishing exclusion, the management and management measures created, with the limit of the fishing effort, were essential for the establishment and occurrence of R. constrictus and X kroyeri in the Ubatuba Cove, representing important tools for preservation and conservation. Thus, our results can reinforce the importance of these management plans and these areas of natural exclusion of fishing, which was possible to obtain a recovery and establishment of these two benthic species because they are places with less impact of this activity, so that future generations continue benefiting from these natural resources in a sustainable manner, ensuring protection and / or restoration of marine biodiversity
The abundance of the R. constrictus and X. kroyeri shrimps, as well as the environmental variables, showed relevant changes over a 20-year interval in the Ubatuba Bay. As observed, a deposition of fine sediments occurred, which resulted in an expressive increase in the fraction of class C in the cove. This sedimentation was probably caused by the interaction of natural phenomena and human activities. Regarding the spatial distribution and abundance of R. constrictus and X. kroyeri, it was clear that the substrate characteristics were an important factor. R. constrictus maintained the same pattern of distribution in both periods, with preference for sites with fine and very fine and heterogeneous sand. On the other hand, for X. kroyeri it was more abundant in thinner sediment. Such sedimentation that occurred in the cove may have contributed positively to this species, reinforcing the importance of the sediment and its characteristics in the explanation in the patterns of its distribution. Temporally, R. constrictus may be more tolerant to background temperature, which did not present a distribution pattern, being in the first period had greater abundance in the spring and in the second period in autumn, different from X. kroyeri presented the same pattern temperatures between 21ºC and 26ºC. In addition to the deposition of fine sediments in the Ubatuba Cove, other factors such as areas of natural fishing exclusion, the management and management measures created, with the limit of the fishing effort, were essential for the establishment and occurrence of R. constrictus and X kroyeri in the Ubatuba Cove, representing important tools for preservation and conservation. Thus, our results can reinforce the importance of these management plans and these areas of natural exclusion of fishing, which was possible to obtain a recovery and establishment of these two benthic species because they are places with less impact of this activity, so that future generations continue benefiting from these natural resources in a sustainable manner, ensuring protection and / or restoration of marine biodiversity
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Palavras-chave
Camarão, pesca, proteção ambiental, biodiversidade marinha, Shrimp, fishing, environmental protection, marine biodiversity