Desempenho silvicultural de espécies nativas em plantações florestais no estado interior do estado de São Paulo
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Data
2019-02-27
Autores
Ducatti, Marcelo
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O cenário de uso e ocupação do solo no território brasileiro converge para necessidade de promover a restauração florestal em larga escala. Na busca por desenvolver modelos de plantio com finalidade econômica, pesquisas sobre espécies nativas potenciais para silvicultura têm se tornado cada vez mais relevantes. O presente estudo buscou avaliar o desempenho silvicultural de vinte espécies nativas em sistemas de plantio puros e mistos, além do desempenho de seis dessas espécies em três plantações mistas voltadas a produção de madeira sólida. Variáveis de crescimento foram coletadas anualmente para 35 árvores de cada espécie ao longo de sete, cinco e quatro anos em plantações que apresentavam no ano de 2018, doze, oito e quatro anos de idade, respectivamente. Foram estabelecidos critérios para categorização das espécies de acordo com características desejáveis a produção de madeira, como fustes longos e retilíneos e taxas de incremento diamétrico. Para comparação do desempenho silvicultural das espécies nas diferentes plantações avaliadas foram construídos gráficos de dispersão das variáveis de interesse em função da idade. Modelos de regressão foram utilizados para averiguar se o comportamento das espécies variou de acordo com o sistema de plantio. Dentre as vinte espécies avaliadas, seis foram classificadas como de alto potencial para silvicultura, Cariniana legalis, Zeyheria tuberculosa, Cabralea canjerana, Balfourodendron riedelianum, Cariniana estrellensis e Calophyllum brasiliense, sete com potencial intermediário e outras sete com baixo potencial. Dentre as espécies com potencial intermediário, três delas apresentaram elevadas taxas de crescimento, Dalbergia nigra, Paratecoma peroba e Parapiptadenia rigida, porém, demonstraram tortuosidades acentuadas e ramificações precoces. Cordia trichotoma, classificada com potencial intermediário apresentou desempenho superior nos plantios mais recentes, figurando como uma espécie promissora para inclusão em projetos de restauração com finalidade econômica. Todas as vinte espécies apresentaram alguma distinção no desempenho silvicultural de acordo com o sistema de plantio submetido. As seis espécies presentes nas três plantações florestais mistas, também demonstraram variações no desempenho entre os diferentes sistemas, indicando que o potencial silvicultural de espécies nativas tende a ser ampliado quando em combinação de espécies e arranjos espaciais mais adequados. Os resultados também avigoram a elevada variação existente entre árvores da mesma espécie, sendo prioritários programas de melhoramento genético. Recomenda-se a experimentação de espécies indicadas como promissoras em outros sistemas de consórcio, assim como a investigação de fatores não mensurados no presente estudo e que possam influenciar a arquitetura e crescimento de espécies nativas na silvicultura.
Current land use and setting in Brazilian territory indicate the necessity to promote large-scale forest restoration. In search for develop models of planting for economic purpose, researches on potential native species for silviculture have become increasingly relevant. The present study aimed to evaluate silvicultural performance of twenty native species in pure and mixed planting systems, as well as performance of six of these species in three mixed plantations focused on production of solid wood. Growth variables were collected annually for 35 trees of each species over seven, five and four years in plantations that in the year of 2018 had twelve, eight and four years of age, respectively. Criteria were established for categorization of species according to desirable wood production characteristics, such as long and rectilinear stems and rates of diametric increase. In order to compare silviculture performance of the species in the different evaluated plantations, dispersion graphs of the variables of interest were constructed according to age. Regression models were used to determine if the performance of the species varied according to the planting system. Among twenty evaluated species, six were classified as high potential for silviculture, Cariniana legalis, Zeyheria tuberculosa, Cabralea canjerana, Balfourodendron riedelianum, Cariniana estrellensis and Calophyllum brasiliense, seven as intermediate potential and seven as low potential. Among intermediate potential species, three of them presented high growth rates, Dalbergia nigra, Paratecoma peroba and Parapiptadenia rigida, but showed strong tortuosities and early branching. Cordia trichotoma, categorized as intermediate potential, had superior performance in the most recent plantations, appearing as a promising species for inclusion in restoration projects. All twenty species presented some distinction in the silviculture performance according to the submitted planting system. The six species present in the three mixed forest plantations, even showed variations in performance between the different systems, indicating that silviculture potential of native species tends to be expanded when in combination of species and more adequate spatial arrangements. Results also confirm high variation among trees of the same species, with priority being given to genetic programs improvement. Experimentation of the species indicated as promising in the present study in other systems is recommended, as well as investigation of other factors wich may influence architecture and growth of native species in silviculture.
Current land use and setting in Brazilian territory indicate the necessity to promote large-scale forest restoration. In search for develop models of planting for economic purpose, researches on potential native species for silviculture have become increasingly relevant. The present study aimed to evaluate silvicultural performance of twenty native species in pure and mixed planting systems, as well as performance of six of these species in three mixed plantations focused on production of solid wood. Growth variables were collected annually for 35 trees of each species over seven, five and four years in plantations that in the year of 2018 had twelve, eight and four years of age, respectively. Criteria were established for categorization of species according to desirable wood production characteristics, such as long and rectilinear stems and rates of diametric increase. In order to compare silviculture performance of the species in the different evaluated plantations, dispersion graphs of the variables of interest were constructed according to age. Regression models were used to determine if the performance of the species varied according to the planting system. Among twenty evaluated species, six were classified as high potential for silviculture, Cariniana legalis, Zeyheria tuberculosa, Cabralea canjerana, Balfourodendron riedelianum, Cariniana estrellensis and Calophyllum brasiliense, seven as intermediate potential and seven as low potential. Among intermediate potential species, three of them presented high growth rates, Dalbergia nigra, Paratecoma peroba and Parapiptadenia rigida, but showed strong tortuosities and early branching. Cordia trichotoma, categorized as intermediate potential, had superior performance in the most recent plantations, appearing as a promising species for inclusion in restoration projects. All twenty species presented some distinction in the silviculture performance according to the submitted planting system. The six species present in the three mixed forest plantations, even showed variations in performance between the different systems, indicating that silviculture potential of native species tends to be expanded when in combination of species and more adequate spatial arrangements. Results also confirm high variation among trees of the same species, with priority being given to genetic programs improvement. Experimentation of the species indicated as promising in the present study in other systems is recommended, as well as investigation of other factors wich may influence architecture and growth of native species in silviculture.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Restauração florestal. Desempenho silvicultural. Produção de madeira. Espécies nativas., Forest restoration. Silvicultural performance. Wood production. Native species.