Desempenho Produtivo e Comportamento Ingestivo de Novilhas Angus x Nelore em Sistemas Integrados de Produção Agropecuária
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Data
2019-03-01
Autores
Santos, Juliana Mara de Freitas dos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção, valor nutritivo e capacidade de suporte do capim Marandu, desempenho produtivo e comportamento ingestivo de novilhas meio sangue Angus x Nelore. O experimento foi conduzido na APTA – Andradina, SP em Sistemas Silvipastoris, sendo: SSP-1 com 187 árvores/ha, SSP-2 com 446 árvores/ha, associado ao Eucalyptus urograndis, clone I-224 (17 e 18,7m de altura respectivamente) e Sistema Convencional (SC), ambos em pastagens de Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. Para as avaliações da forragem, foram realizadas: massa seca total, análise bromatológica, desempenho animal e taxa de lotação nas estações inverno e verão. Para o comportamento ingestivo, realizou-se quatro coletas: uma no início e outra no final das estações inverno e verão. Foram observados os seguintes comportamentos: pastejo, ruminação (em pé e deitado), ócio (em pé e deitado), outras atividades, que incluem: interação com outros animais, ida ao bebedouro e ao cocho, urinar e defecar e deslocamento. Concomitantemente, foram avaliados as seguintes variáveis microclimáticas: temperatura de globo negro, temperatura ambiente, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento. A partir destes dados, foram calculados os seguintes índices de conforto térmico: índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU), índice de temperatura de globo e umidade (ITGU) e carga térmica radiante (CTR). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos com 3 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os dados foram submetidos às análises estatísticas utilizando o programa SAS para a execução das análises de variância e teste de Tukey ao nível de probabilidade de 5%. Os SSP-1 e 2 contribuíram para melhor composição bromatológica da forragem. O sombreamento reduziu a massa seca e a taxa de lotação, porém não alterou o ganho de peso não prejudicando o desempenho das novilhas. Houve preferência dos animais em realizar suas atividades em ambientes sombreados em virtude do melhor conforto térmico proporcionado pelas árvores.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the production, nutritional value and support capacity of Marandu grass, productive performance and ingestive behavior of Angus x Nellore mid - blood heifers. The experiment was conducted at the APTA - Andradina, SP in Silvopastoral Systems, with: SPS-1 with 187 trees/ha, SPS-2 with 446 trees/ha, associated with Eucalyptus urograndis, clone I-224 (17 and 18.7m high respectively) and Conventional Pasture (CP), both in pastures of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. For the forage evaluations, total dry mass, bromatological analysis, animal performance and stocking rate were performed in winter and summer seasons. For the ingestive behavior, four collections were made: one at the beginning and another at the end of the winter and summer seasons. The following behaviors were observed: grazing, rumination (standing and lying down), leisure (standing and lying down), other activities, including: interaction with other animals, going to the drinking fountain and the trough, urinating and defecating and displacement. Concurrently, the following microclimatic variables were evaluated: black globe temperature, ambient temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. From these data, the following thermal comfort indexes were calculated: temperature and humidity index (THI), globe temperature and humidity index (GTHI), and radiant heat load (RHL). The experimental design was in complete blocks with 3 treatments and 4 replicates. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using the SAS program to perform the analyzes of variance and Tukey test at the probability of 5%. The SPS-1 and 2 contributed to better forage composition. The shading reduced the dry mass and the stocking rate, but did not alter the weight gain without affecting the performance of the heifers. The animals were preferred to perform their activities in shaded environments due to the better thermal comfort provided by the trees.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the production, nutritional value and support capacity of Marandu grass, productive performance and ingestive behavior of Angus x Nellore mid - blood heifers. The experiment was conducted at the APTA - Andradina, SP in Silvopastoral Systems, with: SPS-1 with 187 trees/ha, SPS-2 with 446 trees/ha, associated with Eucalyptus urograndis, clone I-224 (17 and 18.7m high respectively) and Conventional Pasture (CP), both in pastures of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. For the forage evaluations, total dry mass, bromatological analysis, animal performance and stocking rate were performed in winter and summer seasons. For the ingestive behavior, four collections were made: one at the beginning and another at the end of the winter and summer seasons. The following behaviors were observed: grazing, rumination (standing and lying down), leisure (standing and lying down), other activities, including: interaction with other animals, going to the drinking fountain and the trough, urinating and defecating and displacement. Concurrently, the following microclimatic variables were evaluated: black globe temperature, ambient temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. From these data, the following thermal comfort indexes were calculated: temperature and humidity index (THI), globe temperature and humidity index (GTHI), and radiant heat load (RHL). The experimental design was in complete blocks with 3 treatments and 4 replicates. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using the SAS program to perform the analyzes of variance and Tukey test at the probability of 5%. The SPS-1 and 2 contributed to better forage composition. The shading reduced the dry mass and the stocking rate, but did not alter the weight gain without affecting the performance of the heifers. The animals were preferred to perform their activities in shaded environments due to the better thermal comfort provided by the trees.
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Palavras-chave
Cruzamento industrial, Ganho de peso, Pastejo, Ruminação, Sistema silvipastoril, Industrial crossing, Weight gain, Grazing, Rumination, Silvopastoral system