A construção de heroínas sob a ótica da militância social e da luta política: estudo dos romances Mary Barton (1848) e Norte e Sul (1854-55) de Elizabeth Gaskell
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Data
2019-04-05
Autores
Fazan, Daiane de Cássia Martins
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a construção das heroínas dos romances da escritora britânica Elizabeth Gaskell (1810 – 1865), intitulados Mary Barton (1848) e Norte e Sul (1854-55). Analisaremos as características encontradas na heroína, Margaret Hale, em Norte e Sul, e seu papel na sociedade da época em que a narrativa foi escrita – auge da Revolução Industrial – em que mudanças sociais e políticas foram tão relevantes e numerosas, em comparação com a heroína Mary Barton – que é uma costureira e filha de militantes das causas dos trabalhadores; ou seja, duas mulheres que lutam em diferentes contextos: Margaret, uma mulher da classe média e Mary, uma mulher da classe operária. Analisaremos a complexidade dessas duas personagens: Margaret Hale que, de acordo com nossas primeiras investigações, parece ter sido calcada em elementos biográficos da autora, e Mary Barton, que é a representação da militância e dos sindicatos no auge da industrialização. Tentaremos compreender os anseios dessas heroínas, que giram, principalmente, em torno da articulação entre princípios como fé e lealdade (características preponderantes em Margaret Hale) e lutas políticas (marcas que verificam-se em ambas as heroínas). Observamos que, ao longo da narrativa, Margaret Hale busca entender o ambiente em que vive e seus habitantes. Ao mesmo tempo, também procura encontrar para si um lugar político na luta entre patrões e empregados - pano de fundo da ação narrada (meados do século XIX). Mary Barton, por sua vez, quebra diversos paradigmas femininos, em meio às dificuldades financeiras e às agruras do trabalho têxtil. Desse modo, analisaremos a trajetória dessas duas mulheres com o objetivo de entender como a personalidade forte e militante de ambas é forjada literariamente, tendo em vista o processo de representação das personagens.
This work aims at analyzing the construction of the heroines in the novels of British novelist Elizabeth Gaskell (1810-1865), Mary Barton (1848) and North and South (1854-55). We will study the traits of character of Margaret Hale, North and South’s heroine, and her role in the society of the time narrative has been written – the height of the Industrial Revolution – in which social and political changes were so relevant and numerous in contrast to the heroine Mary Barton who is a semastress and daughter of a worker’s cause militant; that is, two characters who are willing to fight in different contexts: Margaret, a middle-class woman and Mary, a woman belonging to the working class. We will look at the complexity of these two characters. Margaret Hale, who, according to our first investigation, seems to have been based on biographical elements of the author, and Mary Barton, who is the representation of militancy and trade unions at the height of industrialization. We will try to understand the longings of these heroines, which revolve mainly around the articulation between principles such as faith and loyalty (preponderant characteristic in Margaret Hale) and the political struggle (that permeate both heroines – Mary and Margaret). It is observed that throughout the narrative, Margaret Hale is commited to understand the environment in which she lives and its inhabitants, at the same time that she also seeks to find for herself a political place in the struggle between employers and employees – (the mid-nineteenth century). Mary Barton, on her side, breaks several feminine paradigms, amid the financial difficulties and the hardships of the textile work. Thus, we will analyze the trajectory of these two women with the objective of understanding how the strong and militant personality of both characters is forged literarily, in view of the process of representation of the characters.
This work aims at analyzing the construction of the heroines in the novels of British novelist Elizabeth Gaskell (1810-1865), Mary Barton (1848) and North and South (1854-55). We will study the traits of character of Margaret Hale, North and South’s heroine, and her role in the society of the time narrative has been written – the height of the Industrial Revolution – in which social and political changes were so relevant and numerous in contrast to the heroine Mary Barton who is a semastress and daughter of a worker’s cause militant; that is, two characters who are willing to fight in different contexts: Margaret, a middle-class woman and Mary, a woman belonging to the working class. We will look at the complexity of these two characters. Margaret Hale, who, according to our first investigation, seems to have been based on biographical elements of the author, and Mary Barton, who is the representation of militancy and trade unions at the height of industrialization. We will try to understand the longings of these heroines, which revolve mainly around the articulation between principles such as faith and loyalty (preponderant characteristic in Margaret Hale) and the political struggle (that permeate both heroines – Mary and Margaret). It is observed that throughout the narrative, Margaret Hale is commited to understand the environment in which she lives and its inhabitants, at the same time that she also seeks to find for herself a political place in the struggle between employers and employees – (the mid-nineteenth century). Mary Barton, on her side, breaks several feminine paradigms, amid the financial difficulties and the hardships of the textile work. Thus, we will analyze the trajectory of these two women with the objective of understanding how the strong and militant personality of both characters is forged literarily, in view of the process of representation of the characters.
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Palavras-chave
Era vitoriana, Heroínas, Operariado, Patronato, Romance social inglês, Heroines, Patronage, Social novel, Victorian era, Working class