Contribuições da teoria histórico cultural de Vigotski para pensar o envelhecimento
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Data
2019-03-22
Autores
Siqueira, Cinthia Lucia de Oliveira
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A pesquisa estudou um grupo de idosas participantes das disciplinas de literatura e teatro no contexto de uma universidade aberta da terceira idade. Por meio de uma pesquisa participante, cujo foco de observação e intervenção voltara-se ao potencial imaginativo, inventivo e criativo das estudantes nosso objetivo foi direcionar o olhar às idosas enquanto pessoas singulares em processo contínuo de desenvolvimento. Para tanto, refutamos o discurso que insiste em controlar e higienizar a velhice e propusemos um esgotar da vida, o qual implica em experimentar os dramas inerentes à existência - vivências fortes o bastante para propiciar a constituição humana enquanto obra de arte. Caminhamos sustentados pela teoria histórico cultural de Vigotski a qual aborda o processo de humanização a partir de uma visão prospectiva - resultante da imbricada e complexa relação entre o biológico de um lado e o social, o cultural e o histórico de outro. Após dois anos de acompanhamento do grupo foi possível compreender que a(o) idosa(o) nunca deixa de se reinventar, de construir novos modos de agir e pensar. Se na idade avançada há situações que dizem de um certo impedimento, ainda assim, é possível projetar-se para o futuro, submeter-se a conflitos e lançar-se a desafios. Tais considerações permitem uma ressignificação do processo de envelhecimento, deslocam a(o) idosa(o) da condição de sujeito do não, para sujeito do sim e sugerem novas perspectivas de atuação pedagógica na velhice, que ao invés de pautar-se na compensação do que falta e almejar o propagado envelhecimento ativo e saudável, pode atuar no fomento das potencialidades do envelhecer a partir da liberação da(o) idosa(o) para o acontecimento vital em sua plenitude.
The research studied a group of elderly women participating in the subjects of literature and theater in the context of an open university of the third age. Through a participant research, whose focus of observation and intervention turned to the imaginative, inventive and creative potential of the students, our goal was to direct the eyes to the elderly as individuals in a continuous process of development. To that end, we refute the discourse that insists on controlling and sanitizing old age and proposing a depletion of life, which implies experiencing the dramas inherent in existence - experiences strong enough to propitiate the human constitution as a work of art. We are guided by the cultural historical theory of Vygotsky, which approaches the process of humanization from a prospective view - resulting from the imbricated and complex relationship between biological on one side and social, cultural and historical on the other. After two years of follow-up of the group, it was possible to understand that the elderly always reinvent themselves, to construct new ways of acting and thinking. If in the old age there are situations that say of a certain impediment, nevertheless, it is possible to be projected for the future, to submit to conflicts and to launch itself to challenges. Such considerations allow a resignification of the aging process, move the elderly from the condition of subject of no, to subject of the yes and suggest new perspectives of pedagogical action in old age, which instead of being guided by the compensation of the which is missing and aimed at the propagation of active and healthy aging, can act in the promotion of the potentialities of aging from the release of the elderly to the vital event in its fullness.
The research studied a group of elderly women participating in the subjects of literature and theater in the context of an open university of the third age. Through a participant research, whose focus of observation and intervention turned to the imaginative, inventive and creative potential of the students, our goal was to direct the eyes to the elderly as individuals in a continuous process of development. To that end, we refute the discourse that insists on controlling and sanitizing old age and proposing a depletion of life, which implies experiencing the dramas inherent in existence - experiences strong enough to propitiate the human constitution as a work of art. We are guided by the cultural historical theory of Vygotsky, which approaches the process of humanization from a prospective view - resulting from the imbricated and complex relationship between biological on one side and social, cultural and historical on the other. After two years of follow-up of the group, it was possible to understand that the elderly always reinvent themselves, to construct new ways of acting and thinking. If in the old age there are situations that say of a certain impediment, nevertheless, it is possible to be projected for the future, to submit to conflicts and to launch itself to challenges. Such considerations allow a resignification of the aging process, move the elderly from the condition of subject of no, to subject of the yes and suggest new perspectives of pedagogical action in old age, which instead of being guided by the compensation of the which is missing and aimed at the propagation of active and healthy aging, can act in the promotion of the potentialities of aging from the release of the elderly to the vital event in its fullness.
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Palavras-chave
Envelhecimento, Teoria histórico cultural, idoso, Universidade aberta da terceira idade, velhice, aging, elderly, Open university of the third age, Cultural historical theory, human development, envejecimiento, anciano, Universidad abierta de la tercera edad, vejez