Análise crítica da política nacional de resíduos sólidos a partir da reciclagem e o trabalho dos catadores e catadoras
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2019-03-22
Autores
Oliveira, Pâmela Mara de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo se propõe a realizar uma análise da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos – Lei 12.305/2010, à luz de uma perspectiva crítica. Busca-se compreender em que medida os interesses da classe trabalhadora, neste caso específico, dos catadores e catadoras de materiais recicláveis, são relegados à um segundo plano, em benefício da reprodução do capital. Nesta perspectiva, traremos para o âmbito da discussão a reciclagem e o fenômeno do lixo como mercadoria, vinculado às transformações do mundo do trabalho e às mutações do sistema capitalista, trazendo contribuições à crítica às formas de naturalização dos processos sociais e ambientais que instituem a sociedade moderna. Constitui-se um estudo de natureza qualitativa a partir de revisão bibliográfica, documental e pesquisa de campo, com entrevista semiestruturada. A análise teve como base perspectivas marxistas e da ecologia política. A partir destas perspectivas, foi possível perceber que os conflitos socioambientais não são consequências espontâneas dos processos de exploração dos recursos naturais, mas que são produzidos a partir das distintas formas de apropriação do meio e são mediadas pelas relações desiguais de poder. Para tanto foi analisado o caso da Cooperativa de Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis de Franca e Região – Cooperfran, bem como, analisados exemplos de dois projetos e o Movimento Nacional dos Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis (MNCR). Neste sentido, demonstramos de que forma as políticas públicas impactam no trabalho dos catadores e catadoras de materiais recicláveis, apontando seus limites quando se manifestam como incapazes de mudar e de parar de reproduzir a estrutura econômica que às condicionam.
This study proposes to conduct an analysis of the National Policy on Solid Waste Policy – Law 12.305/2010, in the light of a critical perspective. It seeks to understand to what extent the interests of the working class, in this specific case, of collectors of recyclable materials, are relegated to a second plan, for the benefit of the reproduction of capital. In this perspective, we will bring to the scope of the discussion the recycling and the phenomenon of garbage as commodity, linked to the transformations of labor and the mutations of the capitalist system, bringing contributions to the critique of the forms of naturalization of social and environmental processes that constitute modern society. It is a qualitative study based on bibliographical and documental review, as well as field research, with semi-structured interviews. The investigation is based on the contribution of Marxists perspectives and from Political Ecology. From these perspectives, it is possible to perceive that the socio-environmental conflicts are not spontaneous consequences of the processes of natural resources exploitation, but which are produced from different forms of appropriations of the environment and are mediated by unequal power relations. For that, it is analyzed the case of the Cooperative of Recyclable Materials Collectors of Franca – Cooperfran –, the example of a project and the National Movement of Collectors of Recyclable Materials (MNCR). In this sense, we demonstrate how public policies impact on the work of collectors of recyclable materials, pointing their boundaries when they manifest themselves as incapable of changing and stop reproducing the economic structure that conditions them.
This study proposes to conduct an analysis of the National Policy on Solid Waste Policy – Law 12.305/2010, in the light of a critical perspective. It seeks to understand to what extent the interests of the working class, in this specific case, of collectors of recyclable materials, are relegated to a second plan, for the benefit of the reproduction of capital. In this perspective, we will bring to the scope of the discussion the recycling and the phenomenon of garbage as commodity, linked to the transformations of labor and the mutations of the capitalist system, bringing contributions to the critique of the forms of naturalization of social and environmental processes that constitute modern society. It is a qualitative study based on bibliographical and documental review, as well as field research, with semi-structured interviews. The investigation is based on the contribution of Marxists perspectives and from Political Ecology. From these perspectives, it is possible to perceive that the socio-environmental conflicts are not spontaneous consequences of the processes of natural resources exploitation, but which are produced from different forms of appropriations of the environment and are mediated by unequal power relations. For that, it is analyzed the case of the Cooperative of Recyclable Materials Collectors of Franca – Cooperfran –, the example of a project and the National Movement of Collectors of Recyclable Materials (MNCR). In this sense, we demonstrate how public policies impact on the work of collectors of recyclable materials, pointing their boundaries when they manifest themselves as incapable of changing and stop reproducing the economic structure that conditions them.
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Políticas Públicas, Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, Catadores e Catadoras, Reciclagem, Public policies, National policy on solid wastes, Collectors and waste, Pickers