Políticas públicas de saúde mental: desafios para uma política humanizadora
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Data
2019-03-29
Autores
Chaves, Maria Aparecida Gomes
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A reforma psiquiátrica é assunto muito discutido ao longo das últimas décadas com grande foco na preservação dos direitos humanos. O tema tem sido retomado com força na mudança do novo governo do Brasil tornando-se um assunto polêmico e inesgotável. A Lei 10.216/01, nomeada de Lei Paulo Delgado, decreta oficialmente a reforma psiquiátrica, cujas primeiras discussões tiveram início nos anos 1970. Com tantos debates e discussões a respeito e após o Manifesto de Bauru, sobre a Luta Antimanicomial no ano de 1987 com o tema "Por uma Sociedade Sem Manicômios” e a I Conferência Nacional de Saúde Mental realizada em Brasília no mesmo ano, estes movimentos se tornaram um marco para o início da reforma psiquiátrica, que busca a humanização nos tratamentos de saúde mental. Do ano desta lei até a atualidade, várias mudanças foram adotadas nas prestações de serviços da saúde mental e muitos municípios brasileiros buscam se adequar à lei e às portarias referentes a este tipo de serviço. Esta investigação partiu de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental que teve como objetivo analisar se esta lei é de fato aplicada no Hospital Psiquiátrico Allan Kardec, no município de Franca, Estado de São Paulo, e se este serviço oferece um tratamento humanizado das pessoas com transtorno psíquico, tendo em vista que no passado, desde as primeiras instituições psiquiátricas até esta reforma, os chamados “alienados”, eram segregados e totalmente excluídos da sociedade. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram uma instituição preocupada em atender as exigências da lei no que diz respeito à desinstitucionalização e humanização nos atendimentos. Descobriu-se, ainda, que os setores pesquisados buscam atender aos pacientes com o objetivo em comum que é humanizá-los e reinseri-los socialmente, embora a escassez financeira seja muito alta.
Psychiatric reform has been a subject much discussed over the last decades with a great focus on the preservation of human rights. The theme has been taken up with force in the change of the new government of Brazil becoming a controversial and inexhaustible subject. Law 10.216 / 01, named Paulo Delgado Law, officially decrees psychiatric reform, whose first discussions began in the 1970s. With so many debates and discussions about and after the Manifesto of Bauru, on the Antimanicomial Struggle in 1987 with the theme "For a Society Without Asylums" and the First National Conference on Mental Health held in Brasília in the same year, these movements became a milestone for the beginning of the psychiatric reform, which seeks to humanize the mental health treatments. Law to date, several changes have been adopted in the provision of mental health services and many Brazilian municipalities seek to comply with the Law and the ordinances referring to this type of service. Law is actually applied at the Allan Kardec Psychiatric Hospital, in the municipality of Franca, State of São Paulo, and if this service it offers the humanized service of people with psychic disorder, since in the past, from the earliest psychiatric institutions up to this reform, theso-called "alienated" were segregated and totally excluded from society. The research results demonstrate na institution concerned with meeting there quirement sof the Law regarding the deinstitutionalization and humanization of care. It was also found that there searched sectors seek to serve the patients with the common objective of humanizing and reinserting them socially, although the financial scarcity is very high.
Psychiatric reform has been a subject much discussed over the last decades with a great focus on the preservation of human rights. The theme has been taken up with force in the change of the new government of Brazil becoming a controversial and inexhaustible subject. Law 10.216 / 01, named Paulo Delgado Law, officially decrees psychiatric reform, whose first discussions began in the 1970s. With so many debates and discussions about and after the Manifesto of Bauru, on the Antimanicomial Struggle in 1987 with the theme "For a Society Without Asylums" and the First National Conference on Mental Health held in Brasília in the same year, these movements became a milestone for the beginning of the psychiatric reform, which seeks to humanize the mental health treatments. Law to date, several changes have been adopted in the provision of mental health services and many Brazilian municipalities seek to comply with the Law and the ordinances referring to this type of service. Law is actually applied at the Allan Kardec Psychiatric Hospital, in the municipality of Franca, State of São Paulo, and if this service it offers the humanized service of people with psychic disorder, since in the past, from the earliest psychiatric institutions up to this reform, theso-called "alienated" were segregated and totally excluded from society. The research results demonstrate na institution concerned with meeting there quirement sof the Law regarding the deinstitutionalization and humanization of care. It was also found that there searched sectors seek to serve the patients with the common objective of humanizing and reinserting them socially, although the financial scarcity is very high.
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Palavras-chave
Políticas Públicas de Saúde Mental, Reforma Psiquiátrica, Atendimento Humanizado, Hospital Psiquiátrico, Public Policies of Mental Health, Psychiatric reform, Humanized Service, Psychiatric Hospital