Por que onça-parda (Puma concolor) ataca as criações de algumas propriedades e não de outras?
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2019-04-12
Autores
Campos, Mariana Dias de
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Entre os grupos de vertebrados, os mamíferos carnívoros têm sido utilizados como espécies-alvo em diversos projetos ambientais. Atualmente, apresentam populações pequenas e muitas vezes em declínio classificados com algum grau de ameaça de extinção, consequência das alterações na paisagem causadas pelas atividades humanas. No Brasil, atualmente, a maior causa da diminuição das populações de mamíferos carnívoros é a redução ou perda de habitat ocasionada pela expansão agrícola, pecuária, exploração mineral e urbanização. A predação por onças-pardas tem sido documentada em diversas regiões e, como consequência, a perseguição a esses animais é fortemente observada. A fim de identificar os fatores que poderiam estar associados às predações aos rebanhos domésticos por onças-pardas no oeste do Estado de São Paulo, realizamos entrevistas com produtores rurais, utilizando para isso questionários semiestruturados, abordando características das propriedades, do manejo e da paisagem. Realizamos 54 entrevistas e identificamos propriedades que passaram por eventos de predação nos últimos oito anos. Bovino foi o grupo de animais mais frequentemente predado. Através da Regressão Logística, foi possível obter um modelo de previsão de ataques com 83% de concordância entre estimado e observado, onde o número de suínos e a distância do rio para a sede, presentes em cada propriedade, foram positivamente relacionados aos casos de predação. Através das análises das Redes Neurais Artificiais, foi possível especular a presença de um ciclo predador-presa ocorrendo entre o puma concolor e uma presa ainda desconhecida. Práticas de manejo adequadas podem reduzir significativamente as perdas de animais domésticos e assim reduzir possíveis conflitos humanos com predadores selvagens.
Among the vertebrate groups, carnivorous mammals have been used as target species in several environmental projects. Currently they present small and often declining populations, classified as with some degree of threat of extinction, consequence of the changes in landscape caused by human activities. In Brazil, the major current cause of the decline in carnivorous mammal populations is the reduction or loss of habitat caused by agricultural expansion, livestock farming, mineral exploration, and urbanization. Predation by pumas has been documented in several regions and as a consequence the chase of these animals is strongly observed. In order to identify the factors that could be linked to domestic herds predation by pumas in the west of São Paulo State, we conducted interviews with rural producers, using semi-structured questionnaires, addressing properties characteristics, management and landscape. We have made 54 interviews and identified some rural properties that experienced predation events in the last eight years. Bovines was the group most frequently predated. Throught the Logistic Regression, it was possible to get a model of prediction of attacks with 83% of agreement between estimated and observed, where the number of swines and the distance from the river to the principal house present in each property was positively related to predation cases. Through the analysis of Artificial Neural Networks it was possible to speculate the presence of a predator-prey cycle occurring between the puma concolor and a prey still unknown. Appropriate management practices can significantly reduce the losses of domestic animals and thus reduce possible human conflicts with wild predators.
Among the vertebrate groups, carnivorous mammals have been used as target species in several environmental projects. Currently they present small and often declining populations, classified as with some degree of threat of extinction, consequence of the changes in landscape caused by human activities. In Brazil, the major current cause of the decline in carnivorous mammal populations is the reduction or loss of habitat caused by agricultural expansion, livestock farming, mineral exploration, and urbanization. Predation by pumas has been documented in several regions and as a consequence the chase of these animals is strongly observed. In order to identify the factors that could be linked to domestic herds predation by pumas in the west of São Paulo State, we conducted interviews with rural producers, using semi-structured questionnaires, addressing properties characteristics, management and landscape. We have made 54 interviews and identified some rural properties that experienced predation events in the last eight years. Bovines was the group most frequently predated. Throught the Logistic Regression, it was possible to get a model of prediction of attacks with 83% of agreement between estimated and observed, where the number of swines and the distance from the river to the principal house present in each property was positively related to predation cases. Through the analysis of Artificial Neural Networks it was possible to speculate the presence of a predator-prey cycle occurring between the puma concolor and a prey still unknown. Appropriate management practices can significantly reduce the losses of domestic animals and thus reduce possible human conflicts with wild predators.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Puma concolor, Predação, Rebanhos domésticos, Regressão logística, Redes Neurais Artificiais