Políticas de e-Transparência: uma análise do índice de transparência das capitais brasileiras presentes no ranking nacional do Ministério Público Federal
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Data
2019-03-25
Autores
Alcantara, Luciane [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A atual configuração dos governos democráticos tem sido alvo de questionamentos e críticas por teóricos e cidadãos quanto a sua legitimidade. Tal diagnóstico nessa pesquisa tem centralidade em duas temáticas: a queda de confiança na representação política e a baixa participação política dos cidadãos na tomada de decisões, bem como no controle, monitoramento e fiscalização da coisa pública. Em vista desse cenário, verifica-se o estabelecimento de novas práticas políticas e da busca de meios e instrumentos que possam contribuir para o fortalecimento da democracia. Por essa razão, o campo político vai se apropriar do uso da interface digital – a Internet, pois esta tem o objetivo de possibilitar o aprimoramento e revitalização da ótica organizacional e democrática, no sentido de redefinir a relação entre o Estado e a sociedade, de modo que a transparência pública digital assume esse protagonismo por ser um princípio básico e fundamental, que agrega outras dimensões que versam a teoria democrática, e por ser um elo necessário entre a democracia e a legalidade; ou seja, ela propicia ações governamentais - visíveis aos cidadãos - que, caso não estejam de acordo com os direitos e valores democráticos, podem gerar punição aos agentes responsáveis. Portanto, a presente dissertação, em um primeiro momento, propõe, a partir de uma análise bibliográfica, apontar se e em que medida essas novas práticas políticas informacionais e comunicacionais on-line são adotadas pelos governos, além de seus efeitos e requisitos necessários para proporcionar maior aproximação entre os representantes e representados e maior oportunidade de participação política dos cidadãos. Pretende-se também apresentar as ressalvas e obstáculos de seu uso, para posteriormente seguir com uma análise, a partir da literatura e de pesquisas exploratórias, a fim de investigar se há associação do Índice de Transparência (Ranking Nacional da Transparência no Brasil realizado pelo Ministério Público Federal) das capitais que atingiram a nota máxima - Curitiba (PR), Florianópolis (SC), Porto Alegre (RS) e Recife (PE) - e das capitais que obtiveram as menores notas - Macapá (AP), Rio Branco (AC), Teresina (PI), Goiânia (GO), Aracaju (SE) e Campo Grande (MS) -, aos fatores políticos e aos indicadores socioeconômicos e sociopolíticos.
Abstract: The current scenario of democratic governments has been questioned and criticized by theoreticians and citizens regarding to its legitimacy. Such diagnosis in this research is centered on two themes: the decline of confidence in political representativeness and the low political participation of citizens in decision making, as well as in the control, monitoring and inspection of public affairs. Considering that, there is the establishment of new political practices and the search for means and instruments able to contribute to the strengthening of democracy. For this reason the political field might appropriate the use of digital interface, the Internet, since it aims both to improve and revitalize the organizational and democratic standpoint, in order to redefine the relation between State and society, so that digital public transparency assumes this main role for being a basic and fundamental principle, which adds other dimensions related to democratic theory, and because it is a necessary link between democracy and legality; that is, it provides for government actions - visible to citizens - which, in not conforming to democratic rights and values, can lead to punishment of the responsible agents. Therefore, the present dissertation proposes, starting from a bibliographical analysis, to indicate if and to what extent these new informational and online communicative policies are adopted by the governments, in addition to their effects and necessary requirements to provide greater approximation between representatives and their public, leading to a greater opportunity for citizens’ political participation. It is also intended to present the reservations and obstacles of its use, to follow later with a analysis, from the literature and exploratory research, in order to investigate if there is an association between the Transparency Index (National Transparency Ranking in Brazil conducted by Federal Police) of capitals with maximum scores – Curitiba (PR), Florianópolis (SC), Porto Alegre (RS) and Recife (PE) - and of the capitals that obtained the lowest scores - Macapá (AP), Rio Branco ( AC), Teresina (PI), Goiânia (GO), Aracaju (SE) and Campo Grande (MS), as well as political factors and socioeconomic and sociopolitical indicators.
Abstract: The current scenario of democratic governments has been questioned and criticized by theoreticians and citizens regarding to its legitimacy. Such diagnosis in this research is centered on two themes: the decline of confidence in political representativeness and the low political participation of citizens in decision making, as well as in the control, monitoring and inspection of public affairs. Considering that, there is the establishment of new political practices and the search for means and instruments able to contribute to the strengthening of democracy. For this reason the political field might appropriate the use of digital interface, the Internet, since it aims both to improve and revitalize the organizational and democratic standpoint, in order to redefine the relation between State and society, so that digital public transparency assumes this main role for being a basic and fundamental principle, which adds other dimensions related to democratic theory, and because it is a necessary link between democracy and legality; that is, it provides for government actions - visible to citizens - which, in not conforming to democratic rights and values, can lead to punishment of the responsible agents. Therefore, the present dissertation proposes, starting from a bibliographical analysis, to indicate if and to what extent these new informational and online communicative policies are adopted by the governments, in addition to their effects and necessary requirements to provide greater approximation between representatives and their public, leading to a greater opportunity for citizens’ political participation. It is also intended to present the reservations and obstacles of its use, to follow later with a analysis, from the literature and exploratory research, in order to investigate if there is an association between the Transparency Index (National Transparency Ranking in Brazil conducted by Federal Police) of capitals with maximum scores – Curitiba (PR), Florianópolis (SC), Porto Alegre (RS) and Recife (PE) - and of the capitals that obtained the lowest scores - Macapá (AP), Rio Branco ( AC), Teresina (PI), Goiânia (GO), Aracaju (SE) and Campo Grande (MS), as well as political factors and socioeconomic and sociopolitical indicators.
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Palavras-chave
Legitimidade, Novas práticas políticas, Transparência Pública Digital, Boa governança democrática, Legitimacy, New political practices, Good democratic governance