Relações de gênero e violência simbólica: reflexões sobre formação humana no contexto das redes sociais
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Data
2019-05-21
Autores
Baptista, Fabiana Maria
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Em 1935, a antropóloga norte americana Margaret Mead (1901-1978) publica Sexo e Temperamento em Três Sociedades Primitivas, na qual, é investigada a vida íntima de três tribos diferentes situadas na ilha de Nova Guiné, da infância à vida adulta. Para a autora, fica registrado a teoria de que as chamadas qualidades masculinas e femininas não são baseadas em diferenças sexuais fundamentais e determinantes, mas sim em reflexos de condicionamentos culturais de diferentes sociedades. De acordo com essa perspectiva, na contemporaneidade ocidental, a representação da mulher, social e culturalmente construída como um indivíduo de caraterísticas desabonadoras, possui implicações temporais que perpassam diversos contextos históricos, sobretudo o período final da Idade Média e o início da Idade Moderna, estando ainda presente nos dias atuais, disseminada pelas vias simbólicas da linguagem. Essa visão que se manteve no decorrer do processo histórico pode ser interpretada como uma construção social produzida não somente por instituições tradicionais como a escola, a religião e a família, como também pela mídia, com destaque para as redes sociais. Partindo de um olhar sobre a mulher inserida na história, tendo como base o conceito de violência simbólica do sociólogo francês Pierre Bordieu (1930-2002) e sua propagação através dos discursos nas redes sociais, o presente trabalho propõe uma análise desses meios enquanto espaços de formação humana, que utilizam mecanismos através dos quais o estigma social é exposto e reforçado por meio de conteúdos publicados no Facebook com marcas linguístico-discursivas da dominação masculina e, consequentemente, da violência. O conceito de gênero aqui adotado será instrumento de questionamentos das oposições pertinentes entre mulheres e homens no sentido de apontar a hierarquização cujo polo feminino está na condição de inferioridade. A partir dessa prática interpretativa e teórica pretendemos demonstrar de que modo os discursos androcêntricos constituídos social e culturalmente no decorrer da história continuam presentes nas redes sociais, repetindo e reiterando um discurso antigo e revelador da condição feminina.
In 1935, American anthropologist Margaret Mead (1901-1978) published Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies, in which the intimate life of three different tribes located on the island of New Guinea from infancy to adulthood is investigated. For the author, the theory is that the so-called masculine and feminine qualities are not based on fundamental and determinant sexual differences, but rather on reflections of cultural conditioning of different societies According to this perspective, in Western contemporaneity, the representation of women , socially and culturally constructed as an individual of dissenting characteristics, has temporal implications that permeate various historical contexts, especially the late period of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern Age, being still present today, disseminated through the symbolic pathways of language. This vision that has remained in the course of the historical process can be interpreted as a social construction produced not only by traditional institutions such as school, religion and family, but also by the media, especially social networks. Based on the concept of symbolic violence of the French sociologist Pierre Bordieu (1930-202) and its propagation through discourse in social networks, the present work proposes an analysis of social networks as a space which uses mechanisms through which social stigma is exposed and reinforced through content published on Facebook with linguistic-discursive marks of male domination and, consequently, violence. The concept of gender adopted here will be an instrument of questioning the pertinent oppositions between women and men in order to point out the hierarchy whose feminine pole is in the condition of inferiority. From this interpretive and theoretical practice, we intend to demonstrate how the androcentric discourses socially and culturally constituted throughout history continue to be present in social networks, repeating and reiterating an old and revealing discourse of the feminine condition.
In 1935, American anthropologist Margaret Mead (1901-1978) published Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies, in which the intimate life of three different tribes located on the island of New Guinea from infancy to adulthood is investigated. For the author, the theory is that the so-called masculine and feminine qualities are not based on fundamental and determinant sexual differences, but rather on reflections of cultural conditioning of different societies According to this perspective, in Western contemporaneity, the representation of women , socially and culturally constructed as an individual of dissenting characteristics, has temporal implications that permeate various historical contexts, especially the late period of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern Age, being still present today, disseminated through the symbolic pathways of language. This vision that has remained in the course of the historical process can be interpreted as a social construction produced not only by traditional institutions such as school, religion and family, but also by the media, especially social networks. Based on the concept of symbolic violence of the French sociologist Pierre Bordieu (1930-202) and its propagation through discourse in social networks, the present work proposes an analysis of social networks as a space which uses mechanisms through which social stigma is exposed and reinforced through content published on Facebook with linguistic-discursive marks of male domination and, consequently, violence. The concept of gender adopted here will be an instrument of questioning the pertinent oppositions between women and men in order to point out the hierarchy whose feminine pole is in the condition of inferiority. From this interpretive and theoretical practice, we intend to demonstrate how the androcentric discourses socially and culturally constituted throughout history continue to be present in social networks, repeating and reiterating an old and revealing discourse of the feminine condition.
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Palavras-chave
Relações de gênero, Formação humana, Violência simbólica, Redes sociais, Gender relations, Human formation, Symbolic violence, Social networks