Conservação e evolução: da ecologia populacional a políticas públicas
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2019-02-05
Autores
Leles, Bruno Pereira
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A fragmentação dos ambientes naturais pode gerar consequências negativas para a diversidade genética, a evolução e a conservação da biodiversidade. Esses efeitos podem se tornar ameaças à relevância dos ecossistemas para conservação da biodiversidade ao longo prazo e podem impulsionar a ocorrência de fenômenos evolutivos como a adaptação local em populações isoladas. Consequências negativas resultantes da fragmentação podem ser amplificadas por outras pressões negativas comuns em ambientes isolados, incluindo a poluição por metais pesados. A primeira parte desta tese avalia importantes mecanismos evolutivos que promovem a adaptação de plantas a solos contaminados por metais pesados. Informações sobre ecologia populacional, genômica e identificação de genes importantes para adaptação à alta concentração de elementos tóxicos, incluindo Fe, Pb, Cu, Al e Zn, foram usadas para testar mecanismos evolutivos. O estudo revela estratégias ecológicas e genes importantes para o crescimento de Cattleya liliputana em solos contaminados. Melhores ferramentas para a gestão da paisagem e maior integração de áreas protegidas e paisagens produtivas são importantes para reverter a tendência global de fragmentação e uso insustentável dos recursos naturais. A segunda parte da tese fornece ferramentas e análises para promover a conectividade, a integração e o manejo efetivo da paisagem. No segundo capítulo, uma ferramenta de análise espacial de fácil utilização para apoiar projetos com objetivo de implementação de zonas de amortecimento em torno de áreas protegidas foi desenvolvida com objetivo de facilitar o planejamento e gestão de áreas protegidas no Brasil. O terceiro capítulo da tese atualiza os principais progressos para cumprimento da Meta 11 de Aichi no grupo dos países megadiversos, incluindo Brasil, e propõe alternativas para acelerar o avanço para conservação efetiva de áreas protegidas. No quarto capítulo, uma análise da contribuição das Paisagens de Produção Sócio-ecológica (SEPLS, do ingês) para alcançar a Meta 11 de Aichi foi conduzida em colaboração com a Secretaria da Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica. O estudo revela uma ampla gama de sinergias entre a SEPLS, a Meta 11 e outros acordos ambientais multilaterais.
The fragmentation of natural environments has pervasive consequences to genetic diversity, evolution and the conservation of biodiversity. These effects are important threats to the long-term relevance of ecosystems, and may drive evolutionary responses such as the local adaptation of isolated populations. Negative consequences resulting from fragmentation can be amplified by other common negative pressures in isolated environments, including pollution by heavy metals. Species that survive after contamination play an important role for restoration but face strong selective pressure for adaptation to the contaminants within an isolated environment. The first part of the thesis shed light on important evolutionary mechanisms that drive plant adaptation to soils contaminated by heavy metals. Information regarding population ecology, genomics, and identification of important genes for adaptation to the high concentration of toxic elements, including Fe, Pb, Cu, Al and Zn were used to test major evolutionary mechanisms. The study revealed ecological strategies and genes important for Cattleya liliputana adaptation to contaminated soils. Better tools for landscape management and enhanced integration of protected areas and production landscapes are important strategies to counter the global trend on fragmentation and unsustainable use of natural resources. The second part of the thesis provides tools and analysis to promote connectivity, integration and effective landscape management. In the second chapter, a user-friendly GIS tool to support the design and implementation of buffer zones around protected areas was developed and mainstreamed, contributing to improve management plans of protected areas in Brazil. The third chapter updates the progress to achieve Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 in the group of Like-minded Megadiverse Countries and suggest strategies to accelerate the effective conservation of protected areas. In the fourth chapter, an analysis of the contribution of Socio-ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS) to achieving Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 was conducted in collaboration with the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The study revealed a wide range of synergies among SEPLS, Target 11 and other multilateral environmental agreements.
The fragmentation of natural environments has pervasive consequences to genetic diversity, evolution and the conservation of biodiversity. These effects are important threats to the long-term relevance of ecosystems, and may drive evolutionary responses such as the local adaptation of isolated populations. Negative consequences resulting from fragmentation can be amplified by other common negative pressures in isolated environments, including pollution by heavy metals. Species that survive after contamination play an important role for restoration but face strong selective pressure for adaptation to the contaminants within an isolated environment. The first part of the thesis shed light on important evolutionary mechanisms that drive plant adaptation to soils contaminated by heavy metals. Information regarding population ecology, genomics, and identification of important genes for adaptation to the high concentration of toxic elements, including Fe, Pb, Cu, Al and Zn were used to test major evolutionary mechanisms. The study revealed ecological strategies and genes important for Cattleya liliputana adaptation to contaminated soils. Better tools for landscape management and enhanced integration of protected areas and production landscapes are important strategies to counter the global trend on fragmentation and unsustainable use of natural resources. The second part of the thesis provides tools and analysis to promote connectivity, integration and effective landscape management. In the second chapter, a user-friendly GIS tool to support the design and implementation of buffer zones around protected areas was developed and mainstreamed, contributing to improve management plans of protected areas in Brazil. The third chapter updates the progress to achieve Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 in the group of Like-minded Megadiverse Countries and suggest strategies to accelerate the effective conservation of protected areas. In the fourth chapter, an analysis of the contribution of Socio-ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS) to achieving Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 was conducted in collaboration with the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The study revealed a wide range of synergies among SEPLS, Target 11 and other multilateral environmental agreements.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Protected areas, Aichi target 11, Heavy metal contamination, Conservation, Áreas protegidas, Meta 11 de Aichi, Contaminação por metal pesado, Conservação