Comunidade de mamíferos terrestres de médio e grande porte da Escola do Meio Ambiente em Botucatu, São Paulo
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Data
2019-04-25
Autores
Fontoura, Anna Flávia
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil possui a maior diversidade de espécies do mundo, grande parte está nos biomas Mata Atlântica e Cerrado, considerados hotspots para conservação. Os mamíferos de médio e grande porte, grupo altamente afetados pela antropização, desempenham papéis importantes na dinâmica de ecossistemas, influenciam no ciclo do carbono, agem como predadores e dispersores de sementes, polinizadores, predadores de topo de cadeia alimentar. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar o levantamento da mastofauna terrestre de médio e grande porte presente na área da Escola do Meio Ambiente (EMA) no município de Botucatu, São Paulo e gerar dados de riqueza, ocorrência e frequência de ocorrência de espécies encontradas no local. A área da escola é de aproximadamente 12 hectares, apresentando cobertura vegetal de remanescente de Cerrado e fragmento com fitofisionomias de Mata Atlântica. As metodologias utilizadas foram: transectos, parcelas de areia e, como método complementar, o uso de armadilha fotográfica por dois meses. Adicionalmente, entrevista com funcionários para obtenção de dados. Foram registradas vinte espécies de mamíferos. A ordem carnívora foi a que apresentou mais espécies, oito no total. A espécie de maior ocorrência foi Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, seguida por Canis lupus familiaris. Nas entrevistas, os funcionários citaram duas espécies que não foram registradas no estudo, Cavia aperea, mamífero de pequeno porte, e Lontra longicaudis. A riqueza constatada pelo estudo enfatiza a importância da área para a persistência dos mamíferos de médio e grande porte na região, demostrando a essencialidade de ações para a proteção e uso sustentável devem ser.
Brazil has the greatest diversity of species in the world, much of it in the biomes Cerrado and in the Atlantic Forest, considered hotspots for conservation. Medium and large mammals are one of the groups most affected by anthropization, play important roles in the nature of ecosystems, influence the carbon cycle, act as seed predators and seed dispersers, pollinators, top food chain predators. The present study had the objective of surveying the medium and large size terrestrial mastofauna present in Environmental School (EMA) area in the city of Botucatu, São Paulo, and to generate data on the richness, occurrence and frequency of occurrence of species found on the spot. The school area is approximately 12 hectares, presenting vegetation cover of Brazilian Savana remnant and fragment with phytophysiognomies of Atlantic Forest. Using the methodologies used were trawling for traces, sand plots and as a complementary method the use of photographic trap for two months, in addition, interview with employees to obtain additional data. Twenty species of mammals were recorded. The carnivorous order was the one that presented the most species, eight in total. The species with the highest occurrence was Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, followed by Canis lupus familiaris. In the interviews, officials cited two species that were not recorded in the study, Cavia aperea, a small mammal, and Lontra longicaudis. The richness found by the study emphasizes the importance of the area for the persistence of medium and large mammals in the region, demonstrating the essentiality of actions for protection and sustainable use should be.
Brazil has the greatest diversity of species in the world, much of it in the biomes Cerrado and in the Atlantic Forest, considered hotspots for conservation. Medium and large mammals are one of the groups most affected by anthropization, play important roles in the nature of ecosystems, influence the carbon cycle, act as seed predators and seed dispersers, pollinators, top food chain predators. The present study had the objective of surveying the medium and large size terrestrial mastofauna present in Environmental School (EMA) area in the city of Botucatu, São Paulo, and to generate data on the richness, occurrence and frequency of occurrence of species found on the spot. The school area is approximately 12 hectares, presenting vegetation cover of Brazilian Savana remnant and fragment with phytophysiognomies of Atlantic Forest. Using the methodologies used were trawling for traces, sand plots and as a complementary method the use of photographic trap for two months, in addition, interview with employees to obtain additional data. Twenty species of mammals were recorded. The carnivorous order was the one that presented the most species, eight in total. The species with the highest occurrence was Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, followed by Canis lupus familiaris. In the interviews, officials cited two species that were not recorded in the study, Cavia aperea, a small mammal, and Lontra longicaudis. The richness found by the study emphasizes the importance of the area for the persistence of medium and large mammals in the region, demonstrating the essentiality of actions for protection and sustainable use should be.
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Palavras-chave
Persistência da mastofauna, Antropização, Fragmento de vegetação natural, Mata Atlântica, Cerrado, Persistence of mammals, Anthropization, Atlantic Forest, Brazilian Savana, Fragment of natural vegetation