Interação genótipo ambiente na produtividade, qualidade fisiológica e incidência de sementes verdes em soja (Glycine max L.)
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Data
2019-02-25
Autores
Perissato, Samara Moreira
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A qualidade de sementes de soja é variável com potencial do genótipo e o ambiente de produção. Portanto a identificação de genótipos que apresentem alto desempenho agronômico, qualidade de sementes (germinação, vigor e longevidade) e que resista ou tolere as condições estressantes constitui forte objeto de pesquisa frente as grandes áreas de produção de soja possuírem ampla distribuição, estando suscetíveis as adversidades climáticas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar a interação de genótipos de soja produzidos diferentes ambientes quanto aos componentes de produção, produtividade, qualidade de sementes e a incidência de sementes verdes. No experimento 1, utilizou-se oito genótipos produzidos em três ambientes distintos no estado do Paraná (Londrina, Ponta Grossa 1 e Ponta Grossa 2) enquanto no experimento 2 foram caracterizados 47 genótipos em ambiente suscetível a estresses ambientais (Londrina - PR). Genótipos produzidos em ambos ambientes de Ponta Grossa obtiveram resultados superiores quanto aos componentes de produção e maior longevidade, já quando produzidos em Londrina, maior qualidade de sementes (germinação, vigor e sanidade). O genótipo TMG7062 apresentou resultados superiores quanto aos componentes de produção e qualidade de sementes, contudo suscetibilidade à formação de sementes verdes (19,75 %) do mesmo modo que o genótipo BRS 1003 (13,5 %). Já os genótipos BMX LANÇA e 95Y52 não apresentaram sementes verdes independentemente do ambiente de produção (Experimento 1). Os genótipos, 96Y90 e BMX LANÇA, se destacaram por apresentar o conjunto de atribuídos que determina qualidade fisiológica, mesmo quando produzidos em região suscetível a estresse (Experimento 2).
The quality of soybean seeds varies with the potential of the genotype and the production environment. Therefore, the identification of genotypes with high agronomic performance, seed quality (germination, vigor and longevity) and resistance or tolerance of stressful conditions constitute a strong object for research as the large areas of soybean production are widely distributed, and they are susceptible to climatic stresses. The objective of this research was to study the interaction of soybean genotypes produced in different environments regarding the production components, yield, seed quality and green seed incidence.In the experiment 1, eight genotypes were produced in three distinct environmental conditions in the state of Paraná (Londrina, Ponta Grossa 1 and Ponta Grossa 2), while in experiment 2, were characterized 47 genotypes in an environment susceptible to environmental stresses (Londrina-PR). Genotypes produced in both environmental condition of Ponta Grossa obtained higher results of yield components and high longevity, however when they were produced in Londrina, they reached the higher quality of seeds (germination, vigor and sanity). The genotype TMG7062 presented higher results of yield components and seed quality, but susceptibility to green seed formation (19.75%) in the same way as genotype BRS 1003 (13.5%). In contrast, the BMX LANÇA and 95Y52 genotypes showed no green seeds regardless of the production environment (Experiment 1). The genotypes, 96Y90 and BMX LANÇA, stood out for presenting the set of attributes that determines physiological quality, even when they were produced in a region susceptible to stress (Experiment 2).
The quality of soybean seeds varies with the potential of the genotype and the production environment. Therefore, the identification of genotypes with high agronomic performance, seed quality (germination, vigor and longevity) and resistance or tolerance of stressful conditions constitute a strong object for research as the large areas of soybean production are widely distributed, and they are susceptible to climatic stresses. The objective of this research was to study the interaction of soybean genotypes produced in different environments regarding the production components, yield, seed quality and green seed incidence.In the experiment 1, eight genotypes were produced in three distinct environmental conditions in the state of Paraná (Londrina, Ponta Grossa 1 and Ponta Grossa 2), while in experiment 2, were characterized 47 genotypes in an environment susceptible to environmental stresses (Londrina-PR). Genotypes produced in both environmental condition of Ponta Grossa obtained higher results of yield components and high longevity, however when they were produced in Londrina, they reached the higher quality of seeds (germination, vigor and sanity). The genotype TMG7062 presented higher results of yield components and seed quality, but susceptibility to green seed formation (19.75%) in the same way as genotype BRS 1003 (13.5%). In contrast, the BMX LANÇA and 95Y52 genotypes showed no green seeds regardless of the production environment (Experiment 1). The genotypes, 96Y90 and BMX LANÇA, stood out for presenting the set of attributes that determines physiological quality, even when they were produced in a region susceptible to stress (Experiment 2).
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Palavras-chave
Caracterização de genótipos, Retenção de clorofila em sementes, Longevidade de sementes, Characterization of genotypes, Retention of chlorophyll, Seed longevity