Avaliação das características do esmalte dental clareado por diferentes protocolos
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2019-05-07
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar a eficácia de diferentes técnicas de clareamento dental, através das análises de dureza e contéudo mineral do esmalte dental clareado. Diferentes protocolos foram testados após manchamento dos espécimes com (café), como segue: G1: Whiteness HP Maxx (FGM); G2: Whiteness HP Maxx (FGM) + LED Azul – Twin Flex Evolution (MMOptics); G3: Whiteness HP Maxx (FGM) + LED Violeta – Bright Max Whitening (MMOptics); G4: Peróxido de Hidrogênio a 10% (FGM); G5: Peróxido de Hidrogênio a 10% (FGM) + Led Violeta – Bright Max Whitening (MMOptics); G6: Peróxido de Carbamida a 22% (FGM); G7: Peróxido de Carbamida a 22% (FGM) + LED Violeta – Bright Max Whitening (MMOptics) e G8: LED Violeta – Bright Max Whitening (MMOptics). Foram obtidos oitenta (n=80) espécimes de (4x4x2mm) da face vestibular de incisivos bovinos, após foram seccionados ao meio em máquina de corte, separando cada espécime em duas metades, uma metade foi utilizada como espécime sem procedimento clareador (controle) e a outra metade como espécime com procedimento clareador (tratado). Foi realizada análise em profundidade no esmalte, afim de verificar as possíveis alterações na superficíe (S) e subsuperficie (P), assim, cento e sessenta (n=160) espécimes foram avaliados quanto microdureza Knoop (n =10) e espectroscopia Raman (n = 5). Os diferentes protocolos para clareamento dental foram aplicados de acordo com os fabricantes dos produtos e dos equipamentos. Os espécimes permaneceram em saliva artificial a 37°C durante todo o período dos experimentos, sendo substituída semanalmente. As alterações no esmalte dental bovino foram avaliadas imediatamente após as sessões de clareamento. A avaliação estatística foi realizada por análises de variância ANOVA de (3 fatores), e teste de Tukey, em nível de significância de 5%. Quanto à dureza, foi observado significância dos efeitos de procedimento (ausente ou presente) (p<0,001), profundidade (superfície ou subsuperfície) (p<0,001) e da interação entre os grupos e profundidade (p=0,014). Em todos os grupos observou-se redução da dureza. No entanto, em G8 não houve diferença na profundidade nos espécimes tratados (superfície: 288,2 ± 19,4; subsuperfície: 272,4 ± 28,0). Quanto ao conteúdo mineral observou-se diferença somente em G2 na subsuperfície (controle: 37837 ± 8895; tratado: 25796 ± 3039). O protocolo utilizado no G8 demonstrou resultados médios de dureza superiores e não apresentou nenhuma alteração no conteúdo mineral, desta forma sugere-se que a ausência da utilização de um gel clareador pode levar a menores alterações na superfície do esmalte, imediatamente após o clareamento dental.
The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different dental bleaching techniques through microhardness analysis and mineral content of bleached dental enamel. Different protocols were tested after spotting the specimens with (coffee), as follows: G1: Whiteness HP Maxx (FGM); G2: Whiteness HP Maxx (FGM) + Blue LED - Twin Flex Evolution (MMOptics); G3: Whiteness HP Maxx (FGM) + Violet Led - Bright Max Whitening (MMOptics); G4: 10% Hydrogen Peroxide (FGM); G5: 10% Hydrogen Peroxide (FGM) + Violet Led - Bright Whitening (MMOptics); G6: 22% carbamide peroxide (FGM); G7: 22% Carbamide Peroxide (FGM) + LED Violet - Bright Max Whitening (MMOptics) and G8: Violet LED - Bright Max Whitening (MMOptics). Eighty (4x4x2mm) specimens were collected from the bovine incisal vestibular surface, after being sectioned in the cutting machine, separating each specimen into two halves, one half was used as a specimen without bleaching procedure (control) and the other half as a specimen with bleaching procedure (treated). To verify the possible changes in surface (S) and subsurface (P), one hundred and sixty (n = 160) specimens were evaluated for Knoop microhardness (n = 10) and Raman spectroscopy (n = 5). The different dental bleaching protocols were applied according to the manufacturers of the products and equipment. The specimens remain in artificial saliva at 37 ° C throughout the experiment period and are replaced weekly. Changes in bovine dental enamel were evaluated after bleaching sessions. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance ANOVA (3 factors) and Tukey test at a significance level of 5%. For the hardness measurement, it was observed a significant effect of the procedures (p <0.001), depth (sub-surface or surface) (p <0.001) and the interaction among the groups and depth (p = 0.014). Hardness reduction was observed in all groups. However, no difference was found on the surface and subsurface of the treated specimens (surface: 288.2 ± 19.4, subsurface: 272.4 ± 28.0) for G8. For the mineral content, no difference was observed on the subsurface (control: 37837 ± 8895, treated: 25796 ± 3039) for G2. Based on the results, it was possible to concluded that the absence of bleaching gel in the G8 showed higher hardness mean values and no changes on the mineral content were observed. Then, it is suggested that the absence of the bleaching gel can lead to minor changes on the enamel surface immediately after dental whitening.
The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different dental bleaching techniques through microhardness analysis and mineral content of bleached dental enamel. Different protocols were tested after spotting the specimens with (coffee), as follows: G1: Whiteness HP Maxx (FGM); G2: Whiteness HP Maxx (FGM) + Blue LED - Twin Flex Evolution (MMOptics); G3: Whiteness HP Maxx (FGM) + Violet Led - Bright Max Whitening (MMOptics); G4: 10% Hydrogen Peroxide (FGM); G5: 10% Hydrogen Peroxide (FGM) + Violet Led - Bright Whitening (MMOptics); G6: 22% carbamide peroxide (FGM); G7: 22% Carbamide Peroxide (FGM) + LED Violet - Bright Max Whitening (MMOptics) and G8: Violet LED - Bright Max Whitening (MMOptics). Eighty (4x4x2mm) specimens were collected from the bovine incisal vestibular surface, after being sectioned in the cutting machine, separating each specimen into two halves, one half was used as a specimen without bleaching procedure (control) and the other half as a specimen with bleaching procedure (treated). To verify the possible changes in surface (S) and subsurface (P), one hundred and sixty (n = 160) specimens were evaluated for Knoop microhardness (n = 10) and Raman spectroscopy (n = 5). The different dental bleaching protocols were applied according to the manufacturers of the products and equipment. The specimens remain in artificial saliva at 37 ° C throughout the experiment period and are replaced weekly. Changes in bovine dental enamel were evaluated after bleaching sessions. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance ANOVA (3 factors) and Tukey test at a significance level of 5%. For the hardness measurement, it was observed a significant effect of the procedures (p <0.001), depth (sub-surface or surface) (p <0.001) and the interaction among the groups and depth (p = 0.014). Hardness reduction was observed in all groups. However, no difference was found on the surface and subsurface of the treated specimens (surface: 288.2 ± 19.4, subsurface: 272.4 ± 28.0) for G8. For the mineral content, no difference was observed on the subsurface (control: 37837 ± 8895, treated: 25796 ± 3039) for G2. Based on the results, it was possible to concluded that the absence of bleaching gel in the G8 showed higher hardness mean values and no changes on the mineral content were observed. Then, it is suggested that the absence of the bleaching gel can lead to minor changes on the enamel surface immediately after dental whitening.
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Palavras-chave
Clareamento dental, Peróxido de hidrogênio, Esmalte dentário, Tooth bleaching, Hydrogen peroxide, Dental enamel